Media History

• The movable type first surfaced in the Far East  A Chinese alchemist named Pi Sheng developed a system of individual character types made from a mixture of baked clay and clue  In Korea, the “Jikji”, a collection of Zen Buddhist teachings, was printed in 1377, under the Goryeo Dynasty, using movable type technology
• Around 100 CE, Christian invented the codex, a document considered as the prototype of a book
• Also in the 15th century, Johann Gutenberg (1394– 1460) invented the printing technology that would eventually be called the movable type machine.
• The Gutenberg printing process launched what could be considered the first medium truly designed for the masses.
• The Bible was one of Gutenberg’s earliest and most famous creations (1455 year of initial publication)
• Doctrina Christiana the first book printed which was a treatise on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church written by Fray Juan Plasencia, an Augustinian priest who arrived with the earliest batches of the Augustinian missionaries who landed in the Archipelago.
• After the 17th century, the first newspaper was reportedly produced in England (although it was restricted because of the apprehension by the ruling monarchs)
• By 1700, the idea of a free press, independent from the control of the government, emerged as a strong rhetoric against authoritarian states
• Adversarial Press the press that has the ability to conduct dialogue and argue with the government  arose from the ranks of the intellectuals in the British and American colonies  Press has come to stand for the interest of the economic sectors
• The development of the steam engine gave rise to the steampowered cylinder press, which dramatically lowered the cost of newspapers. Such advances in the technologies of scale and the rise of the working class transformed the newspaper into a truly mass medium
• La Esperanza (1846)  the first daily newspaper published in the country on December 1, 1846
• Diario De Manila (1848)  Spanish language newspaper founded on October 11, 1848, and closed down by official decree on February 19, 1898, after the colonial authorities discovered that its installations were being used to print revolutionary material
• Boletin Official de Filipinas (1852)  was created by law and featured not only official government issuances but also local and international news and among others, serialized Spanish novels
• La Solidaridad (1889)  Actively used to campaign for reforms in the Philippines published in Spain in 1889
• Ang Kalayaan (1896)  Official revolutionary newspaper of the KKK  Published on January 18, 1896 by the Katipuneros
• Today, the newspaper as a medium has evolved with the rise of the Internet and digital technology.  While the broadsheet and tabloid formats still exist, news agencies have turned to the web as another platform for newspaper publications and have generated a new business model for the newspaper industry.
• George Eastman  invented the film and built a company that would be known as Kodak. (1888)
• Thomas Edison and his assistant William Dickson  turned the use of the photographic film, (now in a strip) into a material that can be moved in front of a lens at a constant speed to result into several photographs.  When that strip was developed and viewed by the naked eye, it gave the illusion of a moving object.
• Lumiere Brothers  Frenchmen Louis and Augusto Lumière further developed the technology of film projectors. They were among the first filmmakers in history.
• Vitascope -By 1896, the Edison vitascope was on a public debut in New York, where it showed a film entitled Rough Sea at Dover by Robert Paul.
• By 1907, the word “television” was already used in a magazine called the Scientific American.
• By 1928, the first telecast of a television program took place, transmitting from the experimental studio of General Electric in New York City
• By 1930, the Radio Corporation of America introduced electronic scanning, a much improved technology from the mechanical scanning introduced earlier.
• By 1939, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first president to appear on the tube.
• In Europe, the Nazi authorities in Germany operated the world’s first regular television service, using it as a platform for propaganda.
• Commercial television came into being in the United States only in 1946
• In the Philippines, an American engineer, James Lindenberg, began assembling transmitters in Bolinao, Pangasinan (Bolinao Electronics) in 1946.He is credited for his founding of Bolinao Electronics Corporation, the precursor of ABS-CBN Corporation, and dubbed as the Father of Philippine Television.
• He was not fully successful with his attempt to establish a television station but soon he was able to team up with Antonio Quirino, and together, they establish the Alto Broadcasting System where he would serve as the general manager.  Their first official telecast was in October 23, 1953.
• ABSCBN stands for ALTO BROADCASTING SYSTEM CHRONICLE BROADCASTING NETWORK
• The invention of the transistor radio in 1948 signaled the development of semi-conductor devices, considered the foundation of modern electronics, as it led to the invention of integrated circuits (IC), a technology that will be critical in the development of the computer
• By 1953, IBM has already shipped its first electronic computers called 701 in the industry. It sold 19 machines to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government
• In 1971, the transition from ARPANET to Internet commenced to serve more purposes other than catering to the military.
•  The first innovation was the TCP/IP architecture as proposed by Stanford University. It is considered the standard protocol by which networks communicate.
• 1989 started (as physicist in the European Center for Nuclear Research(CERN))
• 1990 Written three (3) fundamental technologies for the internet HTML,URL and HTTP
• 1991 introduced WWW
• 1991 Mark McCahill created Gopher, searched for plain text references
• 1993 MOSAIC, the first graphicsbased search engine, evolved from Gopher’s text-based interface
• 1994 Popular search engines, such as Yahoo and Lycos, emerged and presented more powerful capabilities
• 1996 Google emerged, carrying with it new features such as page ranking to determine the authority of a website as a carrier of information