Exercise & the Circulatory System

• What blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

  Pulmonary artery
• What are the benefits of regular exercise on the circulatory system?

  • Strengthens the heart muscle
  • Increases cardiac output
  • Affects pulse rate
• How does exercise affect cardiac output?

  It increases the volume of blood pumped
• What is the definition of cardiac output?

  Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
• What is the difference between heart rate and pulse rate?

  They are the same; both measure beats
• What does the graph in Figure 9.5 illustrate about exercise and heart rate?

  • Shows pulse rate changes during exercise
  • Indicates recovery time after exercise
  • Compares heart rates of two individuals
• When did exercise start in the graph?

  At 1 minute
• What was the maximum increase in pulse rate for Lucy?

  35 bpm
• How do you calculate the maximum percentage pulse rate increase for Lucy?

  Use the formula $(35/70) \times 100$
• What was Lucy's recovery time?

  1.5 minutes
• What indicates that Gil is less fit than Lucy?

  Higher resting rate and longer recovery time
• Why does exercise cause an increase in heart rate?

  • Muscles need more energy
  • Heart pumps more blood to muscles
  • Increased heart rate raises cardiac output
  • Higher blood pressure enhances blood flow
• What do muscles require more of during exercise?

  More oxygen and glucose
• How does increased cardiac output affect blood flow to muscles?

  It leads to higher blood flow