Respiratory System: Anatomy And Physiology

• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  To filter air and deliver oxygen
• How does the respiratory system help maintain blood pH?

  By removing carbon dioxide from the blood
• What does the respiratory system supply to cells?

  Oxygen
• What is the role of the vocal cords in the respiratory system?

  They create sound for speech
• What is the function of olfactory receptors in the respiratory system?

  To smell odors
• What happens to cells without a functioning respiratory system?

  They cannot function properly
• What are the main components of the respiratory system?

  • Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• What is the function of the nasal cavity?

  To warm, humidify, and filter air
• What is the role of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

  It is a passageway for air and food
• What does the larynx contain?

  Vocal cords
• What is the function of the trachea?

  To conduct air to bronchi
• What do bronchi do?

  Split from trachea to each lung
• What are bronchioles?

  Smaller branches of bronchi in lungs
• Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

  In the alveoli
• What are the two main phases of pulmonary ventilation?

  1. Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, air enters
  2. Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, air exits
• How does gas exchange occur at the alveoli?

  Oxygen diffuses into blood, CO2 out
• What are the roles of the diaphragm during respiration?

  • Inspiration: Contracts, increases volume
  • Expiration: Relaxes, decreases volume
• What happens to lung volume during inhalation?

  It increases
• What happens to lung pressure during exhalation?

  It increases
• How does exercise impact respiration?

  • Increases respiratory rate
  • Increases depth of breathing
  • Increases minute ventilation
  • Maintains blood pH balance
• What is minute ventilation?

  Total air breathed per minute
• What does a vitalograph measure?

  • Forced vital capacity (FVC)
  • Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
• What does a low FVC indicate?

  Possible restrictive lung disorder
• What does a low FEV1 indicate?

  Possible obstructive lung disorder
• What types of epithelial tissue are found in the respiratory system?

  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Stratified epithelium
• What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

  To sweep mucus toward the throat
• Where is simple squamous epithelium found in the respiratory system?

  In the alveoli
• How does exercise affect blood pH?

  It helps keep blood pH in balance
• What is the function of stratified epithelium in the respiratory system?

  Protection against damage
• What does Boyle's Law state?

  • Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
  • Applies when temperature is constant
• What happens to pressure during inhalation according to Boyle's Law?

  Pressure decreases as volume increases
• What happens to pressure during exhalation according to Boyle's Law?

  Pressure increases as volume decreases
• How does volume and pressure relate to air movement in the lungs?

  • Inhalation: Volume ↑, Pressure ↓, Air In
  • Exhalation: Volume ↓, Pressure ↑, Air Out
• What is the name of the device shown in the image?

  Lung monitor

  
• What is the purpose of the lung monitor?

  To measure lung function and monitor respiratory health

  
• What is the percentage displayed on the lung monitor's screen?

  95%

  
• How does the lung monitor measure lung function?

  • Uses a turbine to measure airflow
  • Calculates lung capacity and other respiratory metrics

  
• What is the brand name of the lung monitor shown in the image?

  Microlife

  
• Why is the lung monitor's display color-coded?

  To indicate the respiratory health status

  
• How does the design of the lung monitor's turbine component contribute to its functionality?

  The turbine design allows it to accurately measure airflow