Genetic Screening

• Genetic Screening

  can be used to identify the presence of genetic conditions.

  for example, it can be used to test for the presence of Downs Syndrome and other conditions, including cystic fibrosis,

  in a foetus.
• Genetic Screening Definition

  a process used to test a foetus, or a person, for the presence of harmful alleles or other genetic abnormalities.
• What is one method for testing for Down's Syndrome?

  Amniocentesis
• What does amniocentesis involve?

  Taking foetal cells from amniotic fluid
• What is checked during amniocentesis?

  Number of chromosomes in each cell
• What is the risk of miscarriage associated with amniocentesis?

  1%
• When are pregnant mothers offered a blood test for Down's Syndrome?

  After 10-14 weeks of pregnancy
• What does the blood test for Down's Syndrome determine?

  If the risk of Down's Syndrome is higher
• Who is offered amniocentesis after the blood test?

  Mothers with higher risk based on screening
• How does the accuracy of the blood test compare to amniocentesis?

  Less accurate than amniocentesis
• What is a key advantage of the blood test for Down's Syndrome?

  No risk to the foetus or mother
• What ethical dilemma do parents face if a foetus is diagnosed with a genetic condition?

  Whether to consider abortion
• Why do some parents argue in favor of abortion if a foetus has a genetic condition?

  To prevent poor quality of life for the child
• What is a concern for parents who oppose abortion in the case of a genetic condition?

  The unborn child doesn't have a say
• What are some issues arising from genetic screening?

  Who should be screened and acceptable risks
• What is a potential risk associated with amniocentesis?

  Small risk of miscarriage
• What should be considered when comparing costs of screening and treatment for genetic conditions?

  Should cost be a factor?
• What is one argument for making genetic information public?

  It could help with medical research
• What is one argument against making genetic information public?

  Possible discrimination by insurance companies
• What are the pros and cons of abortion in the context of genetic conditions?

  Pros:

  • Prevents poor quality of life for the child
  • Reduces caregiving burden on parents

  
  

  Cons:

  • Unborn child lacks a voice
  • Moral objections to terminating a foetus
  • Abortion is banned in some religions and countries
• What ethical issues arise from genetic screening?

  • Who should be screened?
  • Acceptable risks associated with screening
  • Costs of screening vs. treatment
  • Public access to genetic information