Reactions of Acids

• Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are bases
• Some metal oxides and metal hydroxides dissolve in water. These soluble compounds are alkalis
• Alkalis react with acids in neutralisation reactions
• Even bases that don't dissolve in water will still take part in neutralisation reactions with acids
• All metal oxides and metal hydroxides react with acids to form a salt and water
• Acid + metal oxide -> salt + water
• Acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water
• The salt that's produced depends upon the acid and the metal ion in the oxide or hydroxide
• Hydrochloric acid + copper oxide -> copper chloride + water =

  2HCl + CuO -> CuCl2 + H2O
• Sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide -> potassium sulfate + water

  H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O
• Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide -> sodium nitrate + water

  HNO3 + NaOH -> NaNO3 + H2O
• To work out the formula of an ionic compound, you need to balance the charges of the positive and negative ions so the overall charge of a compound is neutral
• Acids and metal carbonates produce carbon dioxide
• Metal carbonates are also bases. They react with acids to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide
• hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate -> sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide =

  2HCl + Na2CO3 -> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
• Sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate -> calcium sulfate + water + carbon dioxide =

  H2SO4 + CaCO3 -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2