Fruits

• Fruits mature ovary of the flower
• Fruits

  • mature ovary of the flower
  • parts of angiosperm
• True Fruit

  • product of the development of the ovary wall.
• Seeds

  • fertilized ovules
• Functions of Fruits

  • to protect seeds as they develop and help in their dispersal.
• Pericarp

  • mature ovary wall of the fruit.
• Exocarp

  • outermost layer
• Mesocarp

  • middle layer
• Endocarp

  • innermost layer
• Kinds of Fruits

  • Fleshy fruits
  • Dry fruits
• Fleshy Fruits

  1. Simple Fleshy Fruits
  2. Aggregate Fruits
  3. Multiple Fruits
• Fleshy Fruits

  • a fruit whose mesocarp is fleshy upon maturity.
• Simple fleshy Fruits

  • fruit which develops from a flower with a single pistil and one or more carpels
  • berry
  • pepo
  • hesperidium
  • pome
  • drupe
• berry

  • from a compound ovary with a few to many seeds
  • entire pericarp is fleshy
  • grapes, tomato, kiwi, lanzones
  • some berry are derived from a flower with inferior ovaries; other parts of the flower also contribute to the flesh, banana
• pepo

  • type of fleshy fruit with a thick, hard rind
  • cucumber, watermelon, squash
• hesperidium

  • berry-like fruits covered with thick, leathery skin containing oil and locules filled with fleshy outgrows containing juices.
  • all citrus fruits
• Pome

  • from a compound ovary in which the receptacles become thick and fleshy
  • the endocarp around the seeds is papery and leathery.
  • apple, pear
• Drupe

  • simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp.
  • usually develop from a superior ovary containing single ovule
  • coconut, almond, mango
• layers of pericarp

  A) seed

  B) endosperm

  C) embryo

  D) seed coat

  E) pericarp

  F) endocarp

  G) mesocarp

  H) exocarp

  
• Pericarp

  A) seeds

  B) endocarp

  C) mesocarp

  D) exocarp

  E) pericarp

  
• simple fleshy fruits

  A) drupe

  B) pome

  C) berry

  D) hesperidium

  E) pepo

  
• aggregate fruits

  • fruits derived from a single flower with several to many pistils
  • the individual pistils develop into small fruitlets but they mature as single fruit in a single receptacle.
  • strawberry, guyabano, atis
• examples of aggregate fruits

  • strawberry
  • boysenberry
  • loganberry
  • tayberry
  • raspberry
  • dewberry
  • mulberry
  • wineberry
  • custard apple
  • jackfruit
  • lotus
  • blackberry
• multiple fruits

  • fruits derived from several to many individual flowers in a single inflorescence.
  • each flower has its own receptacle, but as the flower matures separately into fruitlets, they develop together into a single large fruit, as in aggregate fruits
  • pineapple, fig
• dry fruits

  • mesocarp is dry at maturity
• 2 types of dry fruits

  • dry, dehiscent fruits
  • dry, indehiscent fruits
• capsule

  • more-than-one-carpelled fruit with 2 or more placentae.
  • split in variety of ways
  • banana, poppy, cotton
• dry, dehiscent fruit

  • manner of splitting
• legume

  • one-carpeled fruit splitting along two sides
  • also called a pod
  • beans, pea, ipil-ipil, peanut
• silique

  • long, two-locular fruit splitting, which each half is separating from each other, leaving a thin septum
  • cabbage, pechay, mustard, radish
• follicle

  • one-carpel fruit splitting only along one side.
  • calachuchi, milkweed, magnolia
• dry, indehiscent fruit

  • single seed is fused or attached in varying degrees to the pericarp.
  • fruits do not split open upon maturity.
• achene

  • one seeded fruit with the seed connected to the pericarp, only at one endpoint.
  • sunflower, cosmos
• caryopsis

  • one seeded fruit with the seed united to the pericarp by all sides.
  • all members of grass family.
• schizocarp

  • made up of two or more one-seeded carpels that is separated from each other when dry
  • carrot, anise
• Samara

  • the pericarp around the seeds extends out in the form of wings or membrane, which helps in their dispersal
  • narra, mahogany, maple
• Nut

  • one seeded fruit similar to the achene but generally larger and whose pericarp is much harder and thicker.
  • acorns, hazelnuts, chestnuts, pili nuts
• Fruits parts

  A) pollen grain

  B) pollen tube

  C) stigma

  D) 2 polar nuclei

  E) female gametophyte

  F) egg

  G) tube nucleus

  H) sperm cell