Research design and ethics

• Quantitative research uses statistical methods or techniques of measurement and analysis of numerical data to describe observations or assess differences in the focal phenomenon among groups.
• What makes research qualitative in nature?

  • Data collection occurs at the area where the problem was

  observed, from people who are directly involved with the

  problem or issue

  • Data collection involves interviews, observations, and

  documentations

  • Concerned with understanding human behavior in their

  natural environment

  • More flexible as you can add more data until no new

  participant is around

  • Hypothesis is generated during or after observation of data
• QUALITATIVE

  • Answers “What?” people think and

  “Why?” they think as such

  • Discover thoughts, opinions of the

  people involved

  QUANTITATIVE

  • Quantifies the problem through

  collected measurable data
• Research Designs - organizes the components of their research

  in an orderly and coherent manner. This is a

  template for the collection, measurement,

  and analysis of data.
• Phenomenological Design

  This design focuses on obtaining descriptions of the subjects' or

  respondents' lived experiences either in writing or through

  interviews.

  Goal: To analyze the meaning behind these experiences for each

  subject, rather than generalizing to a greater population.
• Ethnographic Design

  It is a qualitative method for collecting data often

  used in the social and behavioral sciences. It

  involves the collection and analysis of data about

  cultural groups or minorities.
• Historical Design

  • It focuses on the identification, location, evaluation,

  and synthesis of data or evidence from the past to

  confirm or reject a hypothesis.

  • Primary Sources (e.g., oral histories, written records,

  diaries, eyewitnesses' accounts, pictures, videos, and

  etc.)

  • Secondary Sources (e.g., second-hand information)
• Case Study

  • It is a comprehensive, in-depth examination of a

  specific individual, group of people, or institution.

  • Can either be quantitative or qualitative research

  depending on the purpose and approach.
• Research Ethics -

  • Honest

  • Objective

  • Credible

  • Careful

  • Open-minded

  • Responsible

  • Respectful (of intellectual property)

  • Respectful of other people (esp. research participants)

  • Trustworthy (related to application of confidentiality)

  • (Socially) Responsible

  • Competent