P1: National & Global Energy Resources Physics GCSE

• What are energy resources used for?

  To generate electricity and heat
• How is electricity generated from energy resources?

  A turbine turns a generator to produce electricity
• What is the role of water in hydroelectric energy generation?

  Water turns turbines in hydroelectric systems
• What type of energy is transferred from flowing water to the turbine?

  Kinetic energy
• How does a hydroelectric dam work?

  It converts gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy
• How do fossil fuels generate electricity?

  By heating water to produce steam for turbines
• What is the energy transfer process in fossil fuel electricity generation?

  Chemical store to thermal store to kinetic store
• How does nuclear fuel generate electricity?

  By heating water to produce steam for turbines
• What is the process of geothermal energy generation?

  Water is heated by rocks to produce steam
• What defines a renewable energy resource?

  Replenished faster than it is used
• What are the three main uses of energy resources?

  Transport, electricity generation, heating
• What fuels the majority of vehicles worldwide?

  Petroleum products like petrol and diesel
• What is an advantage of electric vehicles?

  They produce zero carbon emissions while driving
• What is a disadvantage of electric vehicles?

  They rely on the National Grid for charging
• What is a controversial claim about biofuels?

  They are carbon-neutral
• Why is there a high demand for electricity today?

  Due to the growing global population
• What percentage of the world's energy is produced by non-renewable sources?

  84%
• What is a common heating method in cold countries?

  Central heating systems using natural gas
• What is a reliable energy resource?

  One that can produce energy at any time
• What are the main challenges of using fusion as a power source?

  High temperatures and pressures are difficult to maintain
• What is the Greenhouse Effect?

  Trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
• What are the consequences of global warming?

  Climate change, rising sea levels, species extinction
• What is predicted to happen by 2050 if carbon emissions are not reduced?

  Many consequences of climate change will intensify
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy resources?

  Advantages:

  • Replenished faster than used
  • Will not run out

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • May lack reliability
  • Can be dependent on weather conditions
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-renewable energy resources?

  Advantages:

  • High energy output
  • Established technology

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Finite resources
  • Contribute to carbon emissions
• What measures are needed to reduce carbon emissions further?

  • More nuclear power stations needed
  • Energy storage for unreliable sources
  • Address political, social, ethical, and economic issues