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Physics AQA GCSE Combined
P4: Atoms & Isotopes Physics GCSE
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Cards (76)
What are atoms considered to be?
Building blocks of all
matter
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What is the radius of an atom?
1 × 10
−
10
-10
−
10
m
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How many atoms can fit across a thumbnail?
About
one hundred million
atoms
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What is located at the center of an atom?
A tiny, dense
nucleus
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What particles orbit around the nucleus?
Electrons
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How does the radius of the nucleus compare to the atom?
It is over
10,000
times smaller
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What does the nucleus contain?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What is the charge of protons?
Positively
charged
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What is the relative atomic mass of protons?
One
unit
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What is the charge of neutrons?
No
charge
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What is the relative atomic mass of neutrons?
One
unit
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What is the mass of electrons compared to protons?
1/2000
the mass of a proton
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What are energy levels in an atom?
Particular distances where
electrons
orbit
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How many electrons can occupy the first energy level?
Two electrons
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How many electrons can fit in the second energy level?
Eight
electrons
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What happens to electrons in higher energy levels?
They are further from the nucleus
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What does it mean when an atom is ionised?
It loses
electrons
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How many protons does a Lithium atom have?
Three
protons
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How many neutrons does a Lithium atom have?
Four
neutrons
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How many electrons does a Lithium atom have?
Three
electrons
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What is the atomic number of an element?
Number of
protons
in an atom
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How are elements ordered in the periodic table?
By their
atomic number
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What is the atomic number of Hydrogen?
One
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What is the atomic number of Sodium?
Eleven
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What is the atomic number of Uranium?
Ninety-two
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What is the mass number of an atom?
Total number of
protons
and
neutrons
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If a sodium atom has a mass number of 23 and an atomic number of 11, how many neutrons does it have?
Twelve
neutrons
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Why are electrons not included in the mass number?
They have negligible mass compared to
protons
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What is nuclear notation?
Mass and
atomic number
with
atomic symbol
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What does the top number in nuclear notation represent?
Mass number
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How do you calculate the number of neutrons?
Mass number
-
atomic number
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What does the lower number in nuclear notation represent?
Atomic number
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How many protons does a gold atom have?
Seventy-nine
protons
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How many neutrons does a gold atom have?
One hundred eighteen
neutrons
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How many electrons does a gold atom have?
Seventy-nine
electrons
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What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same
protons
, different
neutrons
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How many isotopes does Hydrogen have?
Three
isotopes
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What is the effect of neutrons on chemical properties?
They do not affect chemical properties
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Why is chlorine's mass number given as 35.5?
It has two
isotopes
with different masses
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How many neutrons does Chlorine-35 have?
Eighteen
neutrons
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