history

• 7th c. rise of Srivijaya kingdom
• 11th c.

  Start of the decline of Srivijiaya Kingdom because of external threats such as invasion from the Chola kingdom of south India, the siasmese kingdom of thailand and Majapahit which is based in java. as a result, trade shifted northwards and ports in that area benefitted. Trade between china and south east asia increased
• 13th c.

  Srivijiaya kingsdom collapsed.

  Sang Nila Utama came and founded Temasek ( rise of sg )

  why rise of sg?

  Sg was part of the maritime trade. It has a strategic location, it lies at the tip of the southern Malay Peninsula. Ships from China and India has to pass through the straits of Melaka as it is the quickest and safest route. it also reduced the cost of supplies and risk of being attacked by pirates. the monsoon winds also caused sg to rise. ( NE monsoon, dec to mar. SW monsoon, june to sept)
• 14th c.

  Parameswra east trading port at Melaka
• Middle of 14th c.

  DECLINE OF SG

  why?

  weather patterns underwent server changes, as a result, China had droughts and famines. As China's economy suffered, South east asia's economy also suffered. sg also fell prey to more powerful kingdoms such as majapahit and ayutthaya( in thailand). Sg was also overshadowed by melaka as it rose greatly. Melaka has also a good location, safe harbor, attracked muslim traders as Parameswra conversion to Islam and married a muslim princess from Sumatra. it also had protection from china.
• 15th c.

  arrival of european voyages. there was increased competition and conflict. there was also a new route from europe to india, passing around the cape of good hope in the south of africia. there was new trading settlements and new markets
• 16th c.

  DECLINE OF MELAKA

  why?

  portugues took over Melakamelaka sultanate power struggles, it became weak and vunerable.

  it was the rise of the Johor sultanate. why?

  there was trade between Johor Sultanate and China.
• 17th c.

  chinese porcelain from the 17th. c was found in the kallang river, suggesting that items made in China were being traded in Sg.

  Rise of sg:

  Sg was a gateway for system of trade for china down the johor river
• 18th c.

  Sg decline: rise of other regional ports, sg was ignored.

  there was also political change in the region because of the assassination of Sultan Mahmad shan 2