Schmolck et al

• In the context of the provided text, what does APRC stand for?

  Aim, Procedure, Results, and Conclusions
• According to the text, what might examiners ask about regarding the Contemporary Study?

  Aim, Procedure, Results and Conclusions
• What does GRAVE stand for in the context of evaluating studies?

  Generalisability, Reliability, Applications, Validity, Ethics
• Who led the study on brain damage in patient H.M.?

  1. Heike Schmolck
• What was the real name of patient H.M., who participated in Schmolck et al.'s study?

  Henry Molaison
• In what year did H.M. undergo brain surgery for his epilepsy?

  1953
• What part of H.M.'s brain was removed during surgery?

  Hippocampus
• What type of memory was H.M. unable to create after his brain surgery?

  New episodic memories
• What type of memory was H.M. still able to recall after his brain surgery?

  Some things from before the surgery
• What was Schmolck aiming to investigate by comparing H.M. to other patients with brain damage?

  Link between brain structure and semantic memory
• What type of techniques did Schmolck use to identify brain damage?

  Brain-imaging techniques
• Which theory of Long Term Memory was semantic memory introduced?

  Tulving's theory
• What classic study introduced semantic memory?

  Baddeley (1966b) study
• What approach does Schmolck et al.'s study illustrate?

  Cognitive Approach
• What method does the study use to isolate and measure semantic LTM?

  Experimental method
• What type of experimental method is illustrated by the study?

  Natural (or quasi-) experimental method
• Why is the study considered a natural experiment?

  Patients' brain damage was naturally-varying
• What growing field does the study show the importance of?

  Neuroscience
• Which two approaches does neuroscience link?

  Cognitive and Biological Approaches
• In what year did H.M. undergo brain surgery according to Scoville & Milner (1957)?

  1953
• What was the part of the brain removed during H.M.'s surgery?

  Hippocampus
• What type of long-term memory was H.M. unable to encode after surgery?

  New LTM
• What type of memory did H.M. still have after losing his episodic memory?

  Procedural memory
• What type of memory could H.M. still encode after the surgery?

  New procedural memories
• How many patients were there in total in the study?

  14
• How many patients had brain damage to the hippocampus in the study?

  3
• What area of the brain is the hippocampus part of?

  Medial temporal lobe
• What does MTL stand for in the context of the study?

  Medial temporal lobe
• How many patients had brain damage from viral infections?

  3
• What was the viral infection that caused brain damage in some patients?

  Herpes simplex encephalitis
• What were the patients with more widespread brain damage called?

  MTL+ group
• How many participants were in the control group?

  8
• What were the controls matched with the patients in terms of?

  Age and education
• What type of design did Schmolck use in her study?

  Matched pairs design
• Why is matched pairs design important in natural experiments?

  Researcher can't assign participants to conditions
• What is a "lesion" in the context of brain studies?

  Damage to parts of the brain
• How did the lesions of patients with viral brain damage compare to those with surgery?

  More extensive
• How did H.M.'s lesions compare to the other MTL patients?

  More widespread
• What was the aim of Schmolck et al.'s study?

  If Semantic LTM is linked to part of brain
• What should happen to patients with lesions in the part of the brain linked to semantic LTM?

  Underperform at tests of Semantic LTM