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cognitive psych
Tulving
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Created by
lucy
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Cards (39)
According to Squire & Zola (1998), what does the similar impairment of episodic and semantic memories in amnesiacs suggest?
The
two
memory
functions
are
linked
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Which brain area do episodic and semantic memory similarly depend on, according to Squire & Zola?
The
medial temporal lobe
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According to Squire & Zola, what was the primary cause of K.C.'s memory problems?
Damage to his
frontal lobe
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Why is it difficult to scientifically validate Tulving's ideas about episodic and semantic memory?
They are hard to define
measurably
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What does it mean to say that Tulving's concepts are not operationalisable?
They can't be
measured
objectively
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What aspect of the Multi Store Model does Tulving agree with?
LTM
is separate from
STM
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What did Shiffrin add to the Multi Store Model in 2003 that aligns with Tulving's ideas?
Elaborative Rehearsal
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What is the relationship between Tulving's ideas and the theory of Reconstructive Memory?
They are
closely
linked
together
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What are schemas, according to Bartlett's theory of Reconstructive Memory?
Meaningful patterns
of
information
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How might schemas, as semantic stores, influence episodic memory?
They
influence
how
we
reconstruct
memories
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What benefit can dementia patients get from Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?
It can calm and focus them
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How can showing patients meaningful things and getting them to talk about the meaning be a type of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?
It helps focus and calm them
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What type of memory is being used when recalling information in an exam?
Semantic memory
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What study technique helps to encode information semantically?
Creating
mind maps and charts
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What two elements are key to a 'logical chain of reasoning' for evaluation?
Evaluation point
and
evidence
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What makes a good conclusion in an essay?
Balance
without repeating yourself
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How many marks are awarded for AO1 (Describe) in an 8-mark "evaluate" question?
4 marks
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How many marks are awarded for AO3 (Evaluate) in an 8-mark "evaluate" question?
4 marks
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According to the text, what is a crucial component for achieving the top band (7-8 marks) in an 8-mark essay?
Including a conclusion
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What lab experiment supports Tulving's ideas about LTM encoding?
Baddeley
(
1966b
)
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What did Baddeley's study (1966b) demonstrate about LTM?
LTM is encoded
semantically
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What is a limitation of the studies supporting Tulving's theory, such as Baddeley's (1966b) study?
They lack
ecological validity
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Which therapy can be used that applies Tulving's theory to dementia patients?
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy
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What similarities does Semantic Memory have with the Multi Store Model?
Different types of
LTM
exist
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What similarities does Semantic Memory have with Reconstructive Memory?
Semantic stores are similar to
schemas
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Why is semantic memory considered important according to the text?
It links memories and
language
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In a 4-mark "apply" question, what is assessed?
AO2
(
Application
)
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In the scenario with Greta and Nigel, what memory concept explains Greta's better performance?
Semantic memory
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How did Greta's colour-coding strategy aid her memory?
It put revision into
semantic
categories
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What type of memory is Nigel primarily relying on?
Episodic LTM
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Why does Tulving argue episodic memories are hard to access in new places?
They are
perceptually
and
specifically
encoded
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Why is it easier for Greta to recall information in the exam hall compared to Nigel?
Semantic memory
isn’t linked to context
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How many clear and different applications should be made in a 4 mark question?
4
applications
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Who did Squire and Zola study in their experiment on memory?
Children and adults with
amnesia
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What does it mean for concepts to be operationalisable?
They can be
measured
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How might schemas vary between individuals and cultures?
Differing
semantic stores
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What should a conclusion in an essay not do?
Repeat
previous
points
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What should each application be in a 4-mark AO2 question?
Clear
and
different
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How should applications be organized in a 4-mark AO2 question?
Separate
paragraphs
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