Tulving

Cards (39)

  • According to Squire & Zola (1998), what does the similar impairment of episodic and semantic memories in amnesiacs suggest?
    The two memory functions are linked
  • Which brain area do episodic and semantic memory similarly depend on, according to Squire & Zola?
    The medial temporal lobe
  • According to Squire & Zola, what was the primary cause of K.C.'s memory problems?
    Damage to his frontal lobe
  • Why is it difficult to scientifically validate Tulving's ideas about episodic and semantic memory?
    They are hard to define measurably
  • What does it mean to say that Tulving's concepts are not operationalisable?
    They can't be measured objectively
  • What aspect of the Multi Store Model does Tulving agree with?
    LTM is separate from STM
  • What did Shiffrin add to the Multi Store Model in 2003 that aligns with Tulving's ideas?
    Elaborative Rehearsal
  • What is the relationship between Tulving's ideas and the theory of Reconstructive Memory?
    They are closely linked together
  • What are schemas, according to Bartlett's theory of Reconstructive Memory?
    Meaningful patterns of information
  • How might schemas, as semantic stores, influence episodic memory?
    They influence how we reconstruct memories
  • What benefit can dementia patients get from Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?
    It can calm and focus them
  • How can showing patients meaningful things and getting them to talk about the meaning be a type of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?
    It helps focus and calm them
  • What type of memory is being used when recalling information in an exam?
    Semantic memory
  • What study technique helps to encode information semantically?
    Creating mind maps and charts
  • What two elements are key to a 'logical chain of reasoning' for evaluation?
    Evaluation point and evidence
  • What makes a good conclusion in an essay?
    Balance without repeating yourself
  • How many marks are awarded for AO1 (Describe) in an 8-mark "evaluate" question?
    4 marks
  • How many marks are awarded for AO3 (Evaluate) in an 8-mark "evaluate" question?
    4 marks
  • According to the text, what is a crucial component for achieving the top band (7-8 marks) in an 8-mark essay?
    Including a conclusion
  • What lab experiment supports Tulving's ideas about LTM encoding?
    Baddeley (1966b)
  • What did Baddeley's study (1966b) demonstrate about LTM?
    LTM is encoded semantically
  • What is a limitation of the studies supporting Tulving's theory, such as Baddeley's (1966b) study?
    They lack ecological validity
  • Which therapy can be used that applies Tulving's theory to dementia patients?
    Cognitive Stimulation Therapy
  • What similarities does Semantic Memory have with the Multi Store Model?
    Different types of LTM exist
  • What similarities does Semantic Memory have with Reconstructive Memory?
    Semantic stores are similar to schemas
  • Why is semantic memory considered important according to the text?
    It links memories and language
  • In a 4-mark "apply" question, what is assessed?
    AO2 (Application)
  • In the scenario with Greta and Nigel, what memory concept explains Greta's better performance?
    Semantic memory
  • How did Greta's colour-coding strategy aid her memory?
    It put revision into semantic categories
  • What type of memory is Nigel primarily relying on?
    Episodic LTM
  • Why does Tulving argue episodic memories are hard to access in new places?
    They are perceptually and specifically encoded
  • Why is it easier for Greta to recall information in the exam hall compared to Nigel?
    Semantic memory isn’t linked to context
  • How many clear and different applications should be made in a 4 mark question?
    4 applications
  • Who did Squire and Zola study in their experiment on memory?
    Children and adults with amnesia
  • What does it mean for concepts to be operationalisable?
    They can be measured
  • How might schemas vary between individuals and cultures?
    Differing semantic stores
  • What should a conclusion in an essay not do?
    Repeat previous points
  • What should each application be in a 4-mark AO2 question?
    Clear and different
  • How should applications be organized in a 4-mark AO2 question?
    Separate paragraphs