Biology

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Created by
Lizzie Adams

Cards (23)

  • Diploid

    Normal amount of chromosomes
  • Halploid

    Half number of chromosomes
  • Mitosis - 1 

    DNA replicates
    Organalles multiply
    Nuclear membrane breaks down
    Line up middle of cell
  • Mitosis - 2 

    One set of chromosomes is pulled to each side of the cell
    Nucleus divides
  • Mitosis - 3

    Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
    2 identical daughter cells
  • Embryo clones

    Harvest stem cells
    No rejection
  • Cloning plants 

    Prevents extinction
    Produces crops with desired characteristics
  • Digestive system
    1. Teeth = mechanical breakdown
    2. Stomach = hydrochloric acid and enzymes
    3. Liver = bile (emulsifies lipids, forms droplets increasing surface area for enzyme reaction)
    4. Gall bladder = stores bile
    5. Large intestine = water absorption
  • Starch

    Iodine from orange/yellow to blue/black
  • Protein 

    Benedicts - blue to brick red - gently heat in water bath
  • Sugars 

    Biurets reagent - blue to purple
  • Lipids 

    Ethanol - white emulsion (bile produced in liver stored in Gall Bladder)
  • Circulatory system
    1. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters heart in the pulmonary vein
    2. Left atrium into left Ventricle
    3. Leaves through the aorta for the body
    4. Deoxygenated blood enters the vena cava
    5. Right atrium and right ventricle
    6. Leaves for the lungs out the pulmonary artery
  • Artery 

    Thick walls
    Thin lumen
    High pressure
  • Vein
    Thin walls
    Thick lumen
    Valves
  • Capillaries

    One cell wall thick - fast diffusion
  • Heart

    Left side of heart = thicker walls - to body
    Group of cells - right atrium - electrical pulse - muscle contracts
  • Plant structure
    Leaf - photosynthesis and gas exchange, water out
    Flower - reproductive organs
    Meristem - stem cell production
  • Cross section of a leaf
    Waxy cuticle
    upper epidermis
    palisade layer
    spongy mesophyll
    lower epidermis
    stomata and guard cells
  • Photosynthesis
    Endothermic
  • Metabolism
    Sum of all reactions in the cell
  • Metabolism
    Starch to glucose
    Lipids to fatty acids
    Respiration
    Excess proteins - urea
    1. select the lower power objective
    2. move the stage as close to the objective as possible
    3. place the prepared slide on the stage
    4. focus away from the slide, using the coarse focusing adjustment, until the specimen is in focus
    5. move the high power objective in line with the slide
    6. use the fine focusing adjustment to bring the specimen back into focus
    7. if the specimen cannot be brought back into focus, refocus under low power and repeat stages 5-6