Anaerobic respiration

• In the cytoplasm
• Glycolysis:

  • First stage of both types of respiration
  • Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate using x2 ATP, releasing x2 ADP
  • Glucose-6-phosphate is converted into x2 Triose phosphate
  • Triose phosphate oxidised into x2 pyruvate with a net gain of 2 ATP (x4 ADP + Pi --> x4 ATP, x2 NAD --> x2 NADH)
• In yeast and plant cells:

  • pyruvate reduced into ethanol, releasing CO2
  • The reaction produces NAD which is recycled back into glycolysis
  • Ethanol is toxic so kills yeast cells at critical concentrations
• In animal cells: pyruvate reduced into lactate
• Measuring rate:

  • Volume of CO2 produced per unit time
  • CV - temperature, volume of yeast, concentration of yeast, pH
  • Layer of oil to prevent oxygen diffusing into the solution
  • Leave for a length of time before taking readings to ensure all oxygen has been used