Section A: the creation of a dictatorship, 1933-4

• Who became Chancellor of Germany before the Reichstag Fire?

  Hitler
• What event occurred on 27 February before the elections?

  The Reichstag building was destroyed by fire
• Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire?

  Marinus Van der Lubbe
• What did President Hindenburg declare on 28 February?

  A state of emergency
• What powers did Hitler gain from the state of emergency?

  He could rule by decree
• What percentage of the vote did the Nazis receive in the election on 5 March?

  43%
• What happened to the 81 Communists elected in the March election?

  They were banned from attending Parliament
• How did Hitler secure majority support in the Reichstag?

  With Nationalist support after banning Communists
• What would the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do?

  Make laws without Reichstag consent
• Why was a two-thirds majority required for the Enabling Act?

  It changed the Weimar constitution
• What tactic did Hitler use to intimidate deputies into supporting the Enabling Act?

  He placed the SA in the Reichstag Chamber
• What was the vote count for the Enabling Act on 24 March 1933?

  444 votes to 94
• What organization replaced the trade unions?

  The German Labour Front (DAF)
• What actions did the Nazis take against political parties in May 1933?

  Closed down newspapers and confiscated funds
• What law was passed on 14 July 1933 regarding political parties?

  The Law against the establishment of Parties
• Who was the leader of the SA that Hitler feared?

  Ernst Rohm
• Why did Hitler fear the SA by 1934?

  They were loyal to Rohm, not him
• Who distrusted Rohm besides Hitler?

  The army generals and other Nazi leaders
• What did Himmler want regarding the SA?

  To replace the SA with the SS
• What happened on 30 June 1934?

  Rohm and 100 SA leaders were arrested
• What was the fate of Rohm and the SA leaders after their arrest?

  They were shot without trial
• What was the impact of the Night of the Long Knives on the SA?

  They no longer rivalled the army or SS
• Who else was murdered during the Night of the Long Knives?

  Gregor Strasser
• What position did Hitler create after Hindenburg's death?

  Fuhrer
• What change occurred regarding the powers of the President and Chancellor?

  They were merged into the Fuhrer position
• What percentage of voters supported Hitler as Fuhrer in the plebiscite?

  90%