Section C: controlling and influencing attitudes

• Who was made Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda in 1933?

  Joseph Goebbels
• What was Goebbels responsible for as Minister of Propaganda?

  Coordinating media, culture, and promoting Nazi ideas
• What does the term ‘Gleichschaltung’ refer to in Nazi Germany?

  Control of German life to align with Nazi ideology
• How many newspapers were closed down in 1935 for not following Nazi views?

  1,600 newspapers
• What instructions were given to journalists by the Ministry of Propaganda?

  What they could not publish and topics to write about
• What was the purpose of Nazi-controlled radio stations?

  To broadcast speeches by Hitler and leaders
• How did the Nazis ensure speeches reached a wide audience?

  By mass-producing cheap radio sets
• What percentage of Germans owned a radio by 1939?

  70%
• Why were speakers placed in public areas like streets and cafes?

  To ensure speeches were heard by everyone
• What was the purpose of the huge rallies organized by Goebbels?

  To promote German unity and Nazi strength
• Who filmed the 1934 Nuremberg rally?

  Leni Riefenstahl
• What was the significance of the giant eagle statue at the Nuremberg stadium?

  It symbolized Nazi power and grandeur
• How many supporters could the Nuremberg stadium accommodate?

  200,000 supporters
• What was the Olympic stadium in Berlin used to showcase?

  Nazi sporting success and ideals of racial purity
• How many gold medals did Germany win at the 1936 Olympics?

  33 gold medals
• What was expected of visiting teams during the national anthem?

  To make the Nazi salute
• When was the Reich Chamber of Culture established?

  September 1933
• What was the role of the Reich Chamber of Culture?

  To ensure arts aligned with Nazi ideals
• How many artists were accepted into the Reich Chamber of Visual Arts?

  42,000 artists
• What happened to over 12,000 artworks by 1936?

  They were removed for not fitting Nazi ideas
• What type of architecture did the Nazis prefer?

  Massive scale with classical ideas
• Who was Hitler’s favorite architect?

  Albert Speer
• What types of music were banned by the Nazis?

  Jazz and works by Mendelssohn
• Which composers were encouraged by the Nazis?

  Beethoven and Bach
• What was required for writers in Germany?

  Approval of their work by the Chamber of Culture
• How many writers had their work banned?

  2,500 writers
• What occurred during the public book-burning ceremony in May 1933?

  20,000 books were burned by students
• What was required for filmmakers under Nazi control?

  Approval of their films by Goebbels
• How many films did the Nazis produce?

  1,300 films
• What was the purpose of government newsreels in films?

  To provide propaganda before the main feature
• What was the theme of the propaganda cartoon "Hansi the Canary"?

  Hitler fighting against evil crows (Jews)