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weimar, and nazi germany
key topic 3 NAZI CONTROL AND DICTATORSHIP, 1933-39
Section D: opposition, resistance and conformity
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Ashleigh
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Cards (30)
What was the largest party in the Reichstag during the Nazis' rise to power?
The Nazis
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Did the Nazis ever win an overall majority in the Reichstag?
No
,
they never won an
overall majority
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How did most Germans respond to the Nazi regime?
They either supported or conformed with it
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What does resistance mean in the context of the Nazi regime?
Refusing to
support
or speak
out
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What distinguishes opposition from resistance against the Nazi regime?
Opposition
actively worked to remove the
regime
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Why was opposition to the Nazi regime difficult?
Political parties
and
trade unions
were banned
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What organization spied on the German people during the Nazi regime?
The Gestapo
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What was a significant fear that suppressed opposition to the Nazis?
Fear of
concentration camps
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Where was most opposition to the Nazi regime located?
Secret trade union sabotage
Youth groups like the
Edelweiss Pirates
Secret political opposition like
SOPADE
Socialist supporters from abroad
Opposition within the Catholic Church
Protestant Pastors Emergency League
Opposition from army generals led by
Ludwig Beck
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Why did the Protestant Pastors Emergency League oppose the Reich church?
It aimed to control regional churches and ban
Jewish
teachings
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What did the PEL establish in 1934?
The
Confessing Church
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How many pastors joined the Confessing Church?
About
6,000
pastors
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How many pastors remained in the pro-Nazi Reich church?
About
2,000
pastors
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What happened to about 800 pastors who criticized Nazi policies?
They were sent to
concentration camps
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How many Catholic priests were sent to Dachau concentration camp?
400
Catholic priests
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Who criticized the T4 programme in 1939?
Bishop Galen
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Who was the most famous religious opponent of the Nazi regime?
Pastor Martin Niemoller
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What happened to Pastor Martin Niemoller in 1938?
He was arrested and sent to
Sachsenhausen
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What was compulsory for youth by 1939?
Attendance at
Hitler Youth
meetings
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What did many youngsters dislike about the Hitler Youth?
The increasing restriction of
freedom of choice
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What youth groups emerged as alternatives to the Hitler Youth?
Edelweiss Pirates
Swing Youth
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Where did the Edelweiss Pirates emerge?
In working class districts of
German cities
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What were some characteristics of the Edelweiss Pirates?
They resisted military
discipline
and wore
American-style
clothing
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What was the main location for the Swing Youth groups?
Big
Northern German
cities
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What inspired the Swing Youth's opposition?
Banned American music and
illegal
dances
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How many attendees could illegal dances attract for the Swing Youth?
Up to
6,000
attendees
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How was the opposition of the Swing Youth characterized?
It was cultural rather than
political
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How many Edelweiss Pirates were estimated to exist in 1939?
About
2,000
Edelweiss Pirates
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How many members were there in the Hitler Youth by 1939?
About
8 million
members
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What are the differences between the Edelweiss Pirates and the Hitler Youth?
Edelweiss Pirates:
Resisted military discipline
Engaged in cultural opposition
Smaller group (
2,000
members)
Hitler Youth:
Enforced military discipline
Supported Nazi ideology
Large group (
8 million
members)
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