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The Brain
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lucy
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Cards (195)
What is the study of the brain called?
Neuropsychology
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According to the text, what is the brain the seat of?
Consciousness
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Where do our decisions originate and where do the processes that lead to our feelings and memories take place?
In the
brain
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According to the text, what is the mind?
A
non-physical
collection
of thoughts, wishes, memories, feelings
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What does the Greek word "psyche" mean?
Mind
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Why are neuropsychologists interested in the brain?
Because it seems to shape the
mind
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What is observed when changes occur to the brain?
Changes in
mental states
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What does the determinist view claim about the brain and the mind?
Brain biology
determines all our
thoughts
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What does the text say about reducing all mental states to brain states?
It is
reductionist
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What does the text say about our investigation into the brain?
It
is
incomplete
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Approximately how much does the human brain weigh?
3.3
pounds (
1.5
kilograms)
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What percentage of a human's body weight does the brain make up?
About
2%
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Approximately how many nerve cells (neurons) does the brain contain?
86 billion
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What are the nerve cells in the brain referred to as?
Grey matter
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What are the nerve fibers (axons and dendrites) referred to as?
White matter
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What are the connections between neurons called?
Synapses
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How has brain imaging technology revolutionised the study of the brain?
By allowing us to study
living brains
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Why is brain surgery often performed while the patient is awake?
The brain has no
pain receptors
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What does the CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
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What two parts make up the Central Nervous System?
The
brain
and
spinal cord
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What are creatures with a CNS known as?
Vertebrates
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Which category includes humans, reptiles, birds, and fish?
Vertebrates
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What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
Nerves stretching from the
brain
and
spinal cord
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What type of nerves carry information back to the brain as sensations?
Sensory nerves
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What type of nerves carry messages from the brain to muscles and glands?
Motor nerves
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What are the two halves of the brain called?
Hemispheres
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What is the "bridge" of nerve fibers linking the two hemispheres called?
Corpus callosum
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What is the function of the corpus callosum?
To allow the
hemispheres
to communicate
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Which classic study featured the corpus callosum?
Raine et al.
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What is it called when different sides of the brain have different functions?
Brain lateralisation
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Which side of the body does the left hemisphere primarily control?
The right side
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Which side of the body does the right hemisphere primarily control?
The left side
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Where is the brain's language center located?
The left hemisphere
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What functions does the left hemisphere seem to specialize in?
Reasoning, numbers, abstract thought
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What functions is the right hemisphere associated with?
Spatial awareness, musical ability, artistic creativity
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Which hemisphere do left-handed people use to control their writing hand?
Right hemisphere
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Who experimented on patients who had undergone brain surgery that separated their brain hemispheres?
Roger Sperry
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What is the complex outer layer of the human brain called?
The cortex
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What are the four most important areas of the cortex called?
Lobes
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How many lobes are there in total in the human brain?
Eight
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