Computer Science

• RAM stands for random access memory which temporarily holds information while it's being processed
• A string is a data type used to represent a sequence of characters.
• The input device allows us to interact with our computer, such as keyboard, mouse, touch screen etc.
• A processor (CPU) performs calculations and instructions that are sent by the RAM.
• A storage device stores files on your computer, such as hard drive, USB stick, CD/DVD.
• The main difference between an array and a list is that arrays have fixed size whereas lists can be resized dynamically.
• An output device displays the results from your computer, such as monitor or printer.
• An array is a collection of variables that are all the same data type, stored at contiguous locations in memory.
• The motherboard connects all the hardware together and provides power to them
• A CPU (central processing unit) is the brain of the computer that controls all other components
• ROM is read only memory, the instructions are hard coded into the chip so they can never be changed
• Hard disk drives store large amounts of permanent data using magnetic storage technology
• Cache memory is a small amount of fast RAM that sits on top of the CPU
• RAM is random access memory which stores temporary information while it's being used by the processor
• A mouse allows users to control what happens on screen through movement
• A keyboard allows users to input text into their computers using keys
• A while loop executes a block of code repeatedly as long as a specified condition remains true.
• RAM (random access memory) temporarily stores information being used by the processor
• RAM stores temporary data used by programs while running
• A keyboard allows users to input text and commands into their computers
• A mouse is an input device that allows users to control the movement of objects on screen with hand movements
• Algorithm: A finite set of rules given a sequence of operations for solving a specific type of problem
• Programming Language: A convenient way of expressing an algorithm
• Computer: A processor for executing the algorithm
• Top Down Approach and Stepwise Refinement: Design of an algorithm must break the process into steps, each described as an algorithm
• Sequence: Execute steps one at a time, in the same order as written
• Iteration: Repeating or looping the same amount of steps
• Selection: Deciding which steps to take according to given conditions
• Flowchart: A graphical representation of operations in a data processing system
• Variable: A place in memory where values can change
• Pseudo Code: Writing an algorithm close to a programming language without ensuring correct syntax
• Low Level Programming Languages: Machine-oriented, specific to a CPU, not compatible with other CPUs
• High Level Programming Languages: More convenient for humans, portable across devices, each statement equals many machine code instructions
• Executable Code: Translated source code, binary code executed by the machine
• Source Code: Language inputted into translators
• Machine dependant: Low level languages specific to a CPU
• Machine independent: High level languages portable across devices
• Translators: Assemblers, Compilers, Interpreters
• PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory, once programmed cannot be modified
• EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, erased through UV light