Egypt test

• Pharoh= an ancient Egyption ruler
• Thebes = the capital city of Upper Egypt
• Pyramids = a four-sided triangular structure mainly made of limestone built by the Ancient Egyptians as tombs for their Pharaohs.
• Sphinx = a mythical creature, statue with the head of a human and the body of a lion or other animal
• Hieroglyphics = Egyptian writing system that uses pictures or symbols. It is one of the most complex writing systems.
• Mummification = The process of preserving or embalming a dead person's body so it does not decay. This was done to allow them to be buried properly and also believed they would live again in the afterlife.
• Nile River = A river flowing through North Africa from south to north. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. It is the longest river in the world at about 6,700 km (4,150 miles).
• What were some of the benefits of the Nile River?

  When it overflowed it made the soil fertile allowed crops to grow. This was very good because Egypt is known to be very dry. Without The NIle there would be no life in Egypt.
• Ra= God of the Sun, Hawk-headed man, rebirthed every morning.
• Hathor= Egyptian goddess f love, beauty, pleasure and music. Part cow part women.
• Anubis= the god of embalming and mummification, Jackel headed man, protecter of the dead.
• Horus= the son of Isis and Osiris, the god of the sky and protecter of kings. Hawk headed man.
• Isis= "Mother of gods", healer and protecter, Put Osiris back together, because he was killed.
• Bastet= A cat goddess, mummified cats, goddess of pleasure, part women part cat.
• Osiris= Was killed by his brother Seth but got put back together by Isis. God of the underworld. Green or blue skin and horns on head.
• what was the process of mumification?

  1. remove all internal organ besides the heart (they believed it was the center of intelligence and being)
  2. They would be cover with a salt called natron to dry out the body and remove any moisture.
  3. They would be covered in linen and had fake eyes.
  4. Then they got covered in resign and was covered in more linen this process was repeated several times
  5. lastly they would be covered with a final cloth
• Why did Egyptians put items in a pharaohs tomb?

  They believed it could be used in the afterlife.
• Ka=The soul or spirit of a dead person
• Natural barriers in Ancient Egypt:

  • Mountains to the south separated Egypt from the rest of Africa
  • Deserts to the east and west of the Nile River
  • Red and Mediterranean Seas also helped protect the Egyptians
• Although Egyptians weren't completely isolated, these natural barriers helped them develop a unique culture
• The Nile River:

  • Longest river in the world
  • Shaped like a lotus flower, design seen in ancient Egyptian art, math, and hieroglyphics
  • Runs south to north, beginning in the mountains in the south and ending at the Mediterranean Sea
• Spring flooding of the Nile:

  • Snow melting on the mountains caused the Nile River to flood
  • Flood waters receded, leaving behind fertile soil for easy crop growth
  • Ancient Egyptians called the Nile "Egypt's Gift"
• Gifts provided by the Nile:

  • Papyrus grew wildly along the banks, used for making paper
  • Provided water for cooking and bathing
  • Abundant fish and waterfowl
  • Wild vegetables and bird eggs could be found
  • Allowed Egyptians to live and have their culture flourish despite being located in a desert
• Rulers of ancient Egypt were called pharaohs
• The word pharaoh means "great house" and originally described the royal palace but later described the rulers themselves
• Pharaohs were absolute rulers, making laws, controlling the land and its resources, and maintaining an army
• Assistants called viziers and other officials helped the pharaohs to govern
• Pharaohs were also religious leaders and worshipped as gods by the Egyptians
• The people believed that the pharaoh performed a ceremony to cause the sun to come up each morning and were blamed if crops did not grow or disease struck the people
• When pharaohs died, their bodies were preserved as mummies and buried in tombs, sometimes in or under pyramids
• Egyptians buried treasures along with the mummies, believing that pharaohs lived on as gods in the afterlife
• The rulers of ancient Egypt were called pharaohs
• The word pharaoh means "great house" and originally described the royal palace but later described the rulers themselves
• Pharaohs were absolute, all-powerful rulers who made laws, controlled the land and its resources, and maintained an army
• Assistants called viziers and other officials helped the pharaohs to govern
• Pharaohs were also religious leaders and worshipped as gods by the Egyptians
• The people believed that the pharaoh performed a ceremony to cause the sun to come up each morning and blamed the pharaoh if crops did not grow or disease struck the people
• When pharaohs died, their bodies were preserved as mummies and buried in tombs, sometimes in or under pyramids
• Egyptians buried treasures along with the mummies because they believed that pharaohs lived on as gods in the afterlife
• Egyptian religion lasted for at least 3,500 years