Lecture 9 - DNA structure and Mutations

• A nucleotide consists of three components: a base, phosphate and a sugar
• What are the purines?

  Adenine and Guanine.
• What are the pyrimidines?

  Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
• What is the nucleotide for adenine called?

  Deoxyadenosine 5' monophosphate
• What is the nucleotide for guanine called?

  Deoxyguanosine 5' monophosphate
• What is the nucleotide for thymine called?

  Deoxythymidine 5' monophosphate
• What is the nucleotide for Cytosine called?

  Deoxycytidine 5' monophosphate
• What is the nucleotide symbol for adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine?

  dAMP, dGMP, dTMP, dCMP
• What is the nucleoside (without phosphate) for adenine called?

  Deoxyadenosine
• What is the nucleoside (without phosphate) for guanine called?

  Deoxyguanosine
• What is the nucleoside (without phosphate) for thymine called?

  Deoxythymidine
• What is the nucleoside (without phosphate) for Cytosine called?

  Deoxycytidine
• What is the nucleoside symbol for adenine, guanine thymine and cytosine?

  dA, dG, dT, dC
• There is a phosphodiester bond between the oxygen at the 3' end of DNA and the phosphate at the 5' end of the DNA.
• DNA consists of two antiparallel strands
• What is the sugar in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• What is the sugar in RNA?

  Ribose
• What are the bases in DNA?

  A,T,C,G
• What are the bases in RNA?

  A,U,C,G
• What is the 5' end in DNA?

  Monophosphate
• What is the 5' end in RNA? Triphosphate
• Which DNA or RNA larger?

  DNA
• Is DNA double stranded?

  Yes.
• Is RNA double stranded?

  NO
• We are interested in changes in DNA that result in a new allele. What are these changes referred to as?

  Variants