unds (week 2)

• Philosophy is derived from the Greek word "Philos" and "Sophia" which means "Love for Wisdom".
• It is the study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries that involves answering questions regarding the nature of existence.

  Philosophy
• His existence was discovered from his students who spoke generously and in detail his knowledge, wisdom, and intellect.

  Socrates
• He is considered one of the pioneers in exploring the principles of education, knowledge, and philosophy.

  Socrates
• He believed that men's goal in life is to obtain happiness and such goal motivates people to avoid things that will hinder their happiness.

  Socrates
• By fully knowing oneself, a person will be able to achieve happiness.
• According to him, we can understand ourselves through internal questioning or introspection or way of observing or questioning yourself to discover more things about yourself.
• Generally followed his teacher, Socrates.

  Plato
• According to him, "a person who is a follower of truth and wisdom will not be tempted by vices and will always be just."

  Plato
• Plato presented the idea that one's soul is divided into three different parts namely the appetitive, spirited, and rational soul.
• A part of a person that is driven by desires and needs to satisfy oneself.

  Appetitive Soul
• The satisfaction both involves physical needs and pleasures.

  Appetitive Soul
• This can be attributed to the courageous part of a person when he or she stands for the right and makes a move to make the wrong right.

  Spirited Soul
• The planner.

  Rational Soul
• Drives our lives, control, plan, and decides what are the new things we need to accomplish.

  Rational Soul
• Known as the Father of Modern Philosophy.

  Rene Descartes
• Descartes is the proponent of Methodical Doubt
• Descartes is known for his statement "Cogito Ergo Sum" which means "I think, therefore I am".
• He believes in modern dualism or the existence of both body and mind.

  Rene Descartes
• Perceives the information that we get on our environment through our senses.

  Body
• Thinks and questions the information the body has experienced.

  Mind
• When it comes to understanding ourselves, we must keep on doubting or questioning ourselves regarding matters such as what are my preferences.

  Rene Descartes
• His notion of self is represented by the concept "Tabula Rasa" which means a blank slate.
• He believed that a person is born without knowing anything and his experiences and perceptions will identify his behavior and personlaity.

  John Locke
• According to him, there is no permanent self.

  David Hume
• Our self identity is influenced by our impressions on our experiences.

  David Hume
• Those impressions may change over time which means that our self-identity might change as well over time.

  David Hume
• Known as the Father of Psychoanalysis.

  Sigmund Freud
• He believed that behavior of a person is motivated by unconscious drives such as sex and aggression.

  Sigmund Freud
• According to Freud, there are 3 provinces of the mind namely the id, ego, and superego.
• An unconscious drive which is concerned on satisfying personal needs or desire of a person such as pleasures.

  Id
• Cutting classes, cheating on a test.

  Id
• It serves as the conscience of one's personality.

  Superego
• It's main function is to keep a person's behavior and actions in a socially acceptable manner.

  Superego
• It serves as the mediator between Id and Superego.

  Ego
• It's main function is to maintain the impulses of the id and supergo into an acceptable degree.

  Ego
• A psychologically health person is dominated by the ego
• Thoughts, Perceptions.

  Conscious Level
• Memories, Stored Knowledge.

  Subconscious Level
• Fears, Violent Motives, Unacceptable Sexual Desires.

  Unconscious Level