Introduction to RPH

• who said "To foretell the story of a nation, it is necessary to open the book that tells of her past" ?

  Jose Rizal
• where did Rizal say "To foretell the story of a nation, it is necessary to open the book that tells of her past" ?

  The Philippines, A Century Hence, La Solaridad
• History

  Greek word “historia” meaning, inquiry or knowledge acquired by

  investigation
• History

  Emphasizes chronology
• History

  It is the study of the past events
• Who said "The study of history demands that evidence be as close to the events possible, giving direct witness to the occasion or happening" ? (2018)

  Abrera
• Who said "History is not merely a chronology of events, it's not the story of heroes and great men. History consist of people’s efforts to attain a better life." ?

  Constantino
• Kasaysayan

  Narrative about the past that is significant for a group of people
• "salaysay na may saysay tungkol sa

  nakaraan para sa isang grupo ng tao" ?

  Kasaysayan
• Sources of History

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
• Four Main Categories of Primary Sources

  1. Written sources
  2. Images
  3. Artifacts
  4. Oral testimony
• Sources of History

  Primary

  • Those that have witnessed the event that took place or have been part of the event being studied
• Sources of History

  Primary

  • materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event or topic being studied.
• Sources of History

  Primary

  • Fossils, artifacts and testimony from living witnesses
• primary source - is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.
• Primary sources - characterized by their content, regardless of whether they are available in original format, in microfilm/microfiche, in digital format, or in published format.
• Sources of History

  Secondary

  Gottschalk: “the testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness- that is of one who was not present at the event of which he tells”
• Sources of History

  Secondary

  • interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.
• Historical Research

  Reconstruction of what happened during a particular PERIOD as COMPLETELY and ACCURATELY as possible through a SYSTEMATIC, COLLECTION, ANALYSIS and INTEGRATION of DATA
• Historical Method

  • Deal with the sources
  • Evaluate the sources
  • Make judgements (if can be made)
• Historical Method

  the process of critically examining and

  analyzing the records and survivals of the

  past.
• External Criticism

  • aims at checking the authenticity of the primary source.
  • It aims to check whether the source is real or fake.
  • Validating the authenticity of the documents
• Test of Authenticity (Louis Gottschalk)

  1. Determine the date
  2. Determine the author
  3. Anachronistic style
  4. Anachronistic reference to events
  5. Provenance or custody
  6. Semantics
  7. Hermeneutics
• Who created the Test of Authenticity ?

  Louis Gottschalk
• Internal Criticism

  • Test of credibility

  -How close was the author to the event

  being studied?

  -When was the account made? Date

  -Ability to tell the truth. Perspective.

  -Willingness to tell the truth

  -Is the account corroborated by other

  accounts
• Alamat at epiko

  Nakatuon ito sa pagkabuo nila bilang isang lipunan

  Pinagmulan ng kanilang lahi

  Suliraning kanilang kinaharap

  Tulong ng panginoon at pangunguna ng isang dakilang bayani

  Kanilang pagtutulong-tulungan
• Peryodisasyon - Pamamaraan ng pagkakahati ng kasaysayan

  e.g. Panahon ng Espanyol, Amerikano, Hapon, atbp.
• Historyograpiya - Pamamaraan ng pagsusulat ng Kasaysayan
• Tripartite

  Pangkaming Pananaw

  Author: Pilipino

  Audience: Dayuhan

  Bilang pagtugon sa bipartite ng Kastila
• Bipartite

  Author: dayuhan

  Audience: Pilipino

  Antonio de Morga
• Pantayong Pananaw

  Author: Pilipino

  Audience: Pilipino

  Isinulong ni Zeus Salazar

  Paggamit ng wikang Filipino

  Pagsasangkap ng mga di

  karaniwang paksa

  Maingat na paggamit ng

  pananaw
• Elemento ng Kasaysayan

  1. Tao (sino)
  2. Heograpiya (saan)
  3. Panahon (kailan)
  4. Pangyayari (ano)
  5. Critical (bakit, paano)
• TRUE OR FALSE

  A simple record or collection of events is contemplated as history

  False
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Engineers, lawyers, doctors, and other professionals are governed by history.

  True
• TRUE OR FALSE

  A record of events showing the evolution of man and his society from the earliest and from the age of barbarism to what he is today is history.

  True
• TRUE OR FALSE

  The study of history enables man to improve his present condition as an individual, as a member of society, church and State.

  True
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Secondary sources are made by individuals who were directly present to the event.

  False
• TRUE OR FALSE

  The usage of microfilm or digital form is being practiced to reproduce and preserve the archival documents and rare books

  True
• TRUE OR FALSE

  By using internal and external criticisms, the written documents in Philippine history during the 20th century were proven to be free from forgery.

  False
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Not all old documents can be preserved as archival documents.

  True