Metabolism

• What is meant by metabolism?

  The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
• How does metabolism convert between different molecules?

  By facilitating chemical reactions in cells
• What is respiration in relation to metabolism?

  A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose
• What is the role of enzymes in metabolism?

  To synthesize new molecules using released energy
• What is glucose's role in metabolism?

  It is a starting point for many new chemicals
• How is glucose converted in plant cells?

  Into cellulose, starch, and amino acids
• What does glucose convert into to strengthen plant cell walls?

  Cellulose
• What is starch in relation to glucose?

  A storage form of glucose in plants
• How do plant cells use glucose with nitrate ions?

  To make amino acids for protein synthesis
• What do humans convert glucose into for storage?

  Glycogen
• What is the significance of glycogen in metabolism?

  It serves as a storage form of glucose
• What is formed when glycerol reacts with fatty acids?

  A lipid molecule
• Where are lipids found in the body?

  In the cell membrane
• What happens to excess proteins in humans?

  They are broken down into urea
• How is urea excreted from the body?

  By the kidneys
• What are the key reactions in metabolism involving glucose?

  • Glucose to cellulose (strengthens cell walls)
  • Glucose to starch (storage form)
  • Glucose with nitrate ions to amino acids (protein synthesis)
  • Glucose to glycogen (storage in animals)
• What are the main components of lipid synthesis in metabolism?

  • Glycerol reacts with 3 fatty acids
  • Forms a lipid molecule
  • Important for cell membrane structure
• What is the process of protein metabolism in humans?

  • Excess proteins are broken down
  • Converted into urea
  • Urea is excreted by the kidneys