Chapter 1 Nutrition

• Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as the body's main source of energy.
• Genes direct growth development and maintenance of cells
• Mutation is change of DNA sequence increasing risk of certain diseases
• How many types of malnutrition

  2 types. Under nutrition and over nutrition
• Under nutrition doesn’t meet nutrient intake
• Over nutrition consuming more nutrients than the body needs
• Energy

  Needed to perform body functions and do work
• Zoochemicals

  Active compounds found in foods of animals
• Photochemicals

  Active compound found in plants
• What makes a nutrient essential

  Essential for function whether it’s made by body or obtained through food
• amino acids are the protein building blocks
• How many groups of vitamins? what are they?

  2 groups. Fat-soluble. Water-soluble
• Vitamin c and b are water soluble
• How many types of lipids? What are they?

  2 types. Fats and oils
• Oils are liquid lipids at room temperature
• Fats are solid lipids at room temperature
• Macronutrients Needed in LARGE AMOUNTS.
• Macronutrients

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water
• Micronutrients 


  Vitamins, minerals
• Micronutrients are needed in SMALL amounts
• How many types of carbohydrates? What are they?

  2 types. Simple CHO. Complex CHO
• Simple CHO

  table sugar (sucrose)

  blood sugar (glucose)
• Complex CHO

  starch

  glycogen

  fiber
• Triglycerides are major form of fat in foods and energy source for the body
• what are the types of fats

  Triglycerides

  Saturated

  Unsaturated
• Saturated fats

  Solid room temperature

  animal sources (butter)
• Unsaturated fats

  Liquid room temperature

  plant sources (olive oil)

  ”healthy“
• Essential fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids that must be supplied by the diet
• Essential fatty acids

  Linoleum acid (omega-6)

  Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)
• physiological fuel values

  Carbohydrates 4 kcal/g

  Proteins 4 kcal/g

  Fats 9 kcal/g

  Alcohol 7 kcal/g