Bio

• The process of using recombinant DNA technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.

  Genetic Engineering
• The process of an animal or plant breeding with an individual of another species or variety.

  Hybridization
• Is a form of genetic engineering where specific genes or gene sequences are inserted into the genome of an different organism.

  Gene Splicing
• Is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes.


  Cloning or Clone
• Is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

  Selective Breeding
• Is a plant, animal or microbe in which one or more changes have been made to the genome, typically using high-tech genetic engineering, in an attempt to alter the characteristics of an organism.


  GMO or Genetically Modified Organism
• The organisms that have been through genetic modification, and have foreign genetic material in them.

  Transgenic Organism
• Is a molecule that contains an organism's complete genetic information.

  DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

  Mutation
• Is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

  Genes
• Who is these scientist said that living organisms can develop changes to their genes that greatly alter the organism. These changes are passed down to the next generation, and lead to the development of new species.


  Hugo de Vries
• A scientist proved the existence of a "Transforming Principle" which is in our body and is involved in inheritance.

  Frederick Griffith
• The two scientist confirmed and identified the structure of the DNA, and named the structure DOUBLE HELIX (the image of the DNA we see in mass media and books).

  Watson and Crick
• Known for their "Cracked" the genetic code of the DNA and discovered the process of protein synthesis.

  Nirenberg and Khorana
• A scientist developed a method of Sequencing DNA using its components Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Uracil.

  Frederick Sanger
• The basic building blocks of all living things.

  Cell
• As a self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

  Homeostasis
• Also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells.

  Unicellular
• Is an organism that consists of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organism.

  Multicellular
• Is a results from the increase in the number of cells through cell division or mitosis.

  Growth and Development
• Is the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy.

  Metabolism
• Is anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change.

  Stimulus
• Is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell.

  Genome
• Is a reaction to a question, experience, or some other type of stimulus.

  Response
• Also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring.

  Heredity
• The production of offspring and the process by which organisms replicate themselves.

  Reproduction
• Is a kind of reproduction by producing offspring by the joining of sex cells.

  Sexual Reproduction
• Is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

  Cell Division
• Another called for Genetic Engineering.

  GMO
• Is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

  Asexual Reproduction
• Is involves using enzymes and various laboratory techniques to manipulate and isolate DNA segments of interest.

  Recombinant DNA technology
• Is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products.

  Biotechnology
• Is the study and manipulation of genetic material. DNA is the genetic material of the cell and contains all of the instructions for cells to carry out their structure and function.

  DNA technology
• He discovered mating and genetic recombination in Escherichia coli, to the discovery of viral transduction in bacteria


  Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum
• Is a small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms.

  Plasmid
• Is a process Breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy.

  Dissimilation plasmid
• Include genes that code for bacteriocins, which are proteins that kill bacteria.

  Col plasmids
• Carry one or more antibiotic resistance genes. They are frequently accompanied by the genes encoding virulence determinants

  Resistance plasmids
• Are determinants of the number of children that an individual is likely to have.

  Fertility Factors
• Is used for delivery of exogenous DNA to cells. This method is known as 'biolistics'.

  Gene Gun