effect of WW1 1918

• length of war - 4 years
• injuries and deaths - 4 million wounded, 2 million dead
• costs - 150 billion marks
• 750000 dead of starvation
• people wanted the war to end and the Kaiser to abdicate
• October 1918 - some crew of the German navy mutinied (refused to follow orders) in the ports of Hamburg
• 7 November - Munich (capital of the south state - Bavaria) workers declared a general strike and protested in the streets, Led by Jewish communists Kurt Eisner - they announced they were separate from the rest of Germany
• in Stuttgart - at the Daimler plant - workers went on strike and demonstrated in the streets

  in Hanover soldiers refused to control people rioting in the streets (mutiny)

  in many places, local people set up workers and soldiers councils to take over their cities