INTRO TO CPHM

• Health is a dynamic balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health
• Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Health is considered a basic and universal human right
• The State is responsible for protecting and promoting the right to health of the people and instilling health consciousness among them
• Major Concepts of Public Health according to Dr. C.E Winslow:

  • Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
• Health promotion and disease prevention are key concepts in public health
• People's participation towards self-reliance involves active and full involvement in decision-making processes such as assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
• Public Health involves:

  • Organized community efforts and informed choices of society
  • Private and public communities, communities, and individuals working towards sanitation of the environment
  • Control of community infections
  • Education of individuals in principles of personal hygiene
  • Organization of medical and nursing services for early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease
  • Development of social machinery to ensure a standard of living adequate for health maintenance
• Division of Public Health includes:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Health Services/Health Policy and Management/Health Administration
  • Environmental Health
  • Social and Behavioral Health
  • Occupational Health
• 5 Steps of Public Health Approach in Addressing Health Problems in Community:

  1. Define the health problem

  2. Identify the risk factors associated with the problem

  3. Develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem

  4. Implement interventions to improve the health of the population

  5. Monitor those interventions to assess their effectiveness
• History of Public Health in the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial Period:

  • Establishment of the first Hospital in Cebu
  • Introduction of smallpox vaccine
  • Implementation of public health measures for diseases like beri-beri and cholera
• History of Public Health in the Philippines during the American Colonial Period:

  • Organization of the Bureau of Public Health
  • Introduction of more hospitals and public health measures to prevent disease spread
  • Formal medical education and increased medical benefits for Filipinos
• History of Public Health in the Philippines based on Socio-Political Periods:

  1. Pre-American Occupation (up to 1898)

  2. American Military Government (1898-1907)

  3. Philippine Assembly (1907-1916)

  4. The Jones Law (1916-1936)

  5. The Commonwealth (1936-1941)

  6. Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)

  7. Post World War II (1945-1972)

  8. Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present)
• the State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them
• ILLNESS- WELLNESS CONTINUUM

  Left side is Pre-mature death

  Right side is High-level awareness
• Public health is the science and art of

  1. preventing disease
  2. prolonging life
  3. promoting physical health and efficiency
• CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

  It deals with the preventive aspects of health rather than curative aspects
• CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

  It deals with population level, rather than individual health issues
• DIVISIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

  Epidemiology

  Biostatistics

  Health Services/Health Policy and Management/Health Administration

  Environmental Health

  Social and Behavioral Health

  Occupational Health
• 3 CORE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH/ 10 ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES

  • Assesment
  • Policy Development
  • Assurance
• Assessment

  monitor health status to identify community health problems
• Assessment

  Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
• Policy Development

  Inform , educate and empower people about health issues.
• Policy Development Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
• Policy Development

  Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
• Assurance

  Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
• Assurance

  Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
• Assurance

  Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce.
• Assurance

  Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
• Primary Prevention prevents an illness or an injury from occurring at all, by preventing exposure to risk factors
• Secondary Prevention seeks to minimize the severity of the illness or the damage due to an injurycausing event once the event has occurred
• Tertiary Prevention seeks to minimize disability by providing medical care and rehabilitation services
• 5 STEPS OF PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH IN ADDRESSING HEALTH PROBLEMS IN COMMUNITY

  1. Define the health problem.
  2. Identify the risk factors associated with the problem.
  3. Develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem.
  4. Implement interventions to improve the health of the population.
  5. Monitor those interventions to assess their effectiveness
• Spanish Colonial Period

  Hospital del Santo Nombre de Jesus - first Hospital in Cebu (1565)
• Sitio del Real Hospital Militar de Manila (1571)
• San Juan de Dios Hospital - treats the disabled, the abandoned and the poor
• San Lazaro Hospital - provides care for lepers
• 1800s: small pox vaccine
• Public health measures: beri-beri, choler
• The Philippine Revolution and American Colonial Period

  Bureau of Public Health was organized