HEALTH ED UNIT 1

• Health care and teaching were pursued by religious orders in the past
• Good teaching requires adaptability, inventiveness, and creativity
• Even before the arrival of religious orders in the Philippines, "albularyo" or local doctors were already tending to the community's health needs using indigenous ways and materials
• Principles and practices of teaching enable teachers to adapt various methods and techniques of teaching
• Health education refers to providing information and learning experiences for behavior change and improvement of the client's health
• Acquisition of knowledge through the exchange of information between the teacher and learner facilitates a better understanding of the need for change
• Health education influences habits, attitudes, and knowledge relating to individual, community, and racial health
• Health education provides tools for developing physical, emotional, spiritual, and sound mental health
• Physical health activities promote the body's proper functioning
• Emotional health involves coping with stress and challenges of daily life
• Mental health enables making correct judgments or decisions
• Social health focuses on how individuals relate well with others regardless of status
• Spiritual health activities help individuals recognize and accept the supernatural aspect of the divine
• Health education is based on the assumption that beneficial health results from planned, consistent, integrated learning opportunities
• Health education aims to influence voluntary individual and community behavior without violating individual freedom
• Key aspects of health education include planned learning opportunities, specific settings, series of events introducing concepts, building on previous knowledge, emphasizing interrelation of health aspects, and interaction between educator and learner
• Health education propagates health promotion, modifies or continues health behaviors, provides health information and services, emphasizes good health habits, communicates vital information to the public, and serves as advocacy
• Types of health education include Biological, Health Resources, and Society and Environment
• Heidgerken's 4 dimensions of the educative process for nursing: Substantive or Curricular Dimension, Procedural or Methodological Dimension, Environmental or Social Dimension, Human Relations or Interactional Dimension
• Behavioral Sciences in health education incorporate psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology to understand behavior determinants
• Public Health agencies focus on health promotion and rely on health statistics for epidemiologic information
• Education plays a vital role in the development of health education by studying and practicing teaching and learning
• Health education is a system that facilitates common understanding among people to modify behaviors, make decisions, and change social conditions for health enrichment
• Importance of health education aims to enhance knowledge awareness, promote health, safety, and security, develop community resources, increase productivity and strength of character, prevent disease, minimize costs, promote self-reliant behavior
• The change process in health education involves perceiving the need for change, initiating group interaction, implementing change gradually, evaluating results, and managing change through the Thinking-Practice Strategy
• Strategies for managing change:

  • Thinking-Practice Strategy: Assumes learners are rational beings who behave according to their personal beliefs, interests, and motivation
  • Interest and Commitment Strategy: Assumes learners act consistently with their desire to change and commitment to sociocultural norms
  • Power and Self Discipline Strategy: Makes learners comply with instructions given by the teacher as an authoritative figure to bring change
• Factors affecting change:

  • Change is part of learning desired by both the teacher and the learner
  • Constraints and difficulties are often encountered as the learner undergoes the process of change
• Barriers to change:

  • Culture:
  • Determines beliefs and values important to the learner that may delineate potential development for change
  • Others compete with change, welcome change, and resist change
  • Demographics:
  • Pertains to learners' age, gender, heredity, and environment
  • Socio-economic Conditions and Environment Circumstances:
  • Learner’s adaptability, flexibility, and capabilities in creating change that influence quality and quality of response
  • State of Wellness and Development:
  • Relates to physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health
• • Researched based drugs commonly referred to as regulated “prescription drugs” produced and manufactured by pharmaceutical companies
  • Over-the-Counter Drugs:
  • Non-prescription drugs or medicine mostly produced & manufactured by a pharmaceutical company
• Medical health remedies used by Filipinos:

  • Home remedies:
  • Use of oils, ointments often Chinese in origin which serves as “cure-all” for relaxing, heating, and comforting the body muscles
  • Traditional Healing Techniques:
  • Use of herbal medicinal leaves such as “lagundi”, banaba for treatment of various diseases
  • Supernatural Healing or the Use of Faith Healers:
  • Holistic approach to healing, incorporating a belief in the concurrent physical, emotional, and spiritual state of the patient
  • Regulated Drugs or Medicines:
• Education:

  • Interactive process of imparting knowledge through sharing, explaining, clarifying, and synthesizing the substantive content of the learning process
  • Application of several teaching and learning principles which comprise a body of knowledge and research findings
• Health according to WHO:

  • Is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
  • Encompasses the ability of an individual to perform tasks expected even if some manifestations of illness are felt
• Learning:

  • Acquisition of knowledge of all kinds such as abilities, habits, attitudes, values, and skills primarily to create change in an individual
  • Gradual, continuous process throughout life
• Patient Teaching:

  • Basic function of nursing, perceived as a legal and moral requirement of licensed nursing personnel
  • System of activities intended to produce learning and change in client health behavior
  • Dynamic interaction between the nurse as the teacher and the patient as the learner
• Teaching:

  • Process of providing learning materials, activities, situations, and experiences that enable the clients or learners to acquire knowledge, attitudes, values, and skills in order to facilitate self-reliant behavior
  • Three pillars of the teaching-learning process are the Teacher, Learner, and Subject matter
• Comparison of Education Process and Nursing Process:

  • Both consist of the basic elements of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
  • Logical, scientifically-based frameworks providing a rational basis for nursing practice
  • Methods for monitoring and judging the overall quality of nursing interventions
  • Nursing process focuses on planning and implementation of care based on assessment and diagnosis, while education process identifies instructional content and methods based on assessment of client’s learning needs
• Factors that influence client’s learning:

  • Stage of development: Teaching must be adapted to the client’s developmental level rather than their chronological age
  • Cultural Values: Teaching can be most effective if norms, traditions, and cultural beliefs are considered and incorporated into the teaching plan
  • Language used: The ability of the client to understand the language of teaching determines how much they learn
  • Physical Environment: Consider privacy and confidentiality of information when discussing sensitive issues
• • Previous Experience: Clients who had past experiences similar to the current health problem may need less education but may have additional concerns requiring more health teachings
  • Knowledge and skills of the Teacher: Determine objectives, develop a plan, gather necessary materials, and determine the best method to present materials
• Principles of Client Teaching and Learning:

  • Assess teaching needs of the client
  • Assess readiness of the client to learn and the relevance of the content
  • Assess what the client knows and begin from what she knows
  • Consider language barriers, literacy, ethnic or cultural background, age, and emotional status of the patient
  • Interactive discussions increase learning
  • Demonstrates tasks for active practice
  • Praise and positive feedback motivate learning
  • Role modeling is an effective method for demonstrating behavior
• Praise and positive feedback motivate learning