Climate

• climate refers to the total sum of weather variations over a large area and a long time period
• Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any given point
• Under climate control there are six factors that affect climate control
• The first factor affecting climate is latitude, which affects how much solar radiation reaches an area.
• Latitude determines the amount of solar energy reaching an area because it controls the angle of incidence of sunlight on the Earth's surface.
• At higher latitudes, the sun's rays hit the Earth more directly than they do nearer the equator.
• In tropical areas, the sun is directly overhead all year round, providing maximum amounts of heat and light.
• As a result, temperatures decrease as we move away from the Equator towards the Poles.
• The second factor affecting climate is altitude or elevation above sea level.
• Tropical climates have high levels of precipitation due to warm air holding more moisture than cold air.
• Temperatures at high latitudes can be extremely low due to the lack of direct sunlight during winter months.
• Altitude influences temperature by reducing the amount of air pressure acting upon an object.
• Temperatures generally decrease with increasing altitude due to thinner atmospheric layers at high altitudes.
• Other factors are Pressure and wind systems, Relief, Continentality and ocean currents
• Pressure and wind systems influence weather patterns through the movement of air masses from one area to another.
• Relief refers to the shape of land features such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus that affect localized weather conditions.
• Continentality describes how far away a region is from large bodies of water, which affects its climate.
• Relief refers to the physical features of land that affect climate, such as mountains or valleys.
• Continentality is the degree to which a region's climate varies between summer and winter seasons based on its distance from the sea.
• South western monsoon over india occurs when the air from the high pressure areas over southern indian ocean moves towards the equator and turn right due to coriolis force and move and gather moisture on the way to the low pressure indian subcontinent
• North eastern monsoon occurs when the southeeastern monsoon winds move northeastward hit the purvanchal and get reflected back towards TN and during this they carry moisture over the B O B
• Indian monsoon starts beginning of june and ends start of december

  Mountains and relief play a big part in the diversion of the winds
• Monsoon usually occurs in spells of rain for a few days and then there are breaks in between

  Rain is unequal over india
• Indian agrarian sector largely depends on monsoon rainfall

  Monsoon rainfall has difference based on continentiality

  Very unpredicatble
• Winter occurs during NOv to Dec and is the coldest season of the year.

  Northeastern winds blow from land towards sea

  occasional cold waves due to drop in temp

  Slight rainfall for rabi crops

  NE winds bring rainfall over Tn and coromandel coast
• Summer from March to June

  temperatures increas from south to north

  Mango showers over KA and KL
• Kallbhaisaki of WB and AS
• Monsoonm unties india

  indian agriculture depends on monsoon

  Late northeastern monsoon very helpful for rabi crops

  Can cause sudden floods

  Sudden speels can cuase soil erosion