QUIZ CHEMISTRY

• kinetic molecular theory a model used to explain the behavior of matter.
• 1. Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. This energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
• The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature.
• There is space between particles. The amount of space in between particles is related to the substance’s state of matter.
• Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes sufficiently.
• Liquid has a definite volume, because molecules in a liquid do not break away from the attractive forces. The molecules can, however, move past one another freely, and so a liquid can flow, can be poured, and assumes the shape of its container.
• Solid Molecules are held rigidly in position with virtually little freedom of motion. Many solids are characterized by long-range order; that is, the molecules are arranged in regular configurations in three dimensions.
• Ionic Bond • bond formed between metals and non-metals • transfer of e- • forms ionic compounds
• Covalent Bond • bond formed between non-metals • sharing of e- • forms molecular compounds
• Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule
• Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules.
• Cation- a positively charged ion.
• Anion- a negatively charged ion.
• Polar molecule– is a type of molecule that has a separation of electric charge, where one side of the molecule is positively charge and the other side is negatively charged.
• Nonpolar molecule– has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed.
• Dipole– refers to a molecule that possesses a delocalized positive and negative charge.
• Ion-Dipole forces occur between an ion a polar molecule.
• Melting point (MP) - The temperature at which a solid substance melts into its liquid state.
• ION-DIPOLE INTERACTION , These interactions are similar to dipole-dipole interactions except for the fact that they arise between ions and polar molecules.
• 2. HYDROGEN BOND ¡Hydrogen Bond is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond, such as N‒H, O‒H, or F‒H, and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.
• Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are particularly strong.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces among polar molecules.
• The partially positive portion of one molecule is attracted to the partially negative portion of another molecule
• Dipole-dipole is a force of attraction between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules.
• Permanent dipole – refers to the dipole moment that originally occurs in a compound due to uneven electron distribution.
• Instantaneous dipole –separation of charges in a non-polar molecule at an instant due to sudden disturbance in the electric cloud around the molecule
• Induced dipole – refers to the dipole moment created in a nonpolar compound due to the effect of an ion nearby.
• LONDON DISPERSION , It operates for a short distance and it is the weakest force.
• London dispersion occur when there is an instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interaction between molecules.

  The weakest IMFA and occurs in non-polar molecules.
• The strongest is the Ion-dipole forces, are attractive forces that occur between an ion and a polar molecule.
• Next is the Hydrogen bond, it is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond, such as N‒H, O‒H, or F‒H, and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.
• Another type of attracted forces is Dipole-dipole forces, are attractive forces between polar molecules (molecules that possess dipole moments)
• The weakest is the London Dispersion Forces, these forces of attraction result from temporary dipole moments induced in ordinarily nonpolar molecules.
• intramolecular forces are weaker
• intermolecular forces are stronger
• intermolecular determine their state of matter and physical properties
• intramolecular determine the chemical behavior of the substance
• intermolecular attractive forces
• intramolecular chemical bonds
• Why is London dispersion is weakest?

  There is no involvement of permanent dipole