circulatory + respiratory system

• What is the circulatory system also called?

  Cardiovascular system
• What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  To transport substances around the body
• What organs make up the circulatory system?

  Heart, blood vessels, and blood
• What does blood carry in the circulatory system?

  Oxygen, nutrients, cells, and waste products
• What role do blood vessels play in the circulatory system?

  They hold and direct blood around the body
• What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

  To pump blood through the vessels
• What are the two circuits in a double circulatory system?

  Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
• What happens in the pulmonary circuit?

  Blood flows from the heart to the lungs
• What happens in the systemic circuit?

  Blood flows from the heart to body tissues
• How does blood flow through the heart?

  From atria to ventricles, then to vessels
• What are the names of the heart's chambers?

  Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
• What are the atrioventricular valves' function?

  To ensure blood flows in one direction
• How should the left and right sides of the heart be labeled?

  As viewed from the person's perspective
• Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscular wall?

  It pumps blood around the entire body
• What is the body's largest vein?

  Vena cava
• Where does deoxygenated blood flow into the heart?

  Into the right atrium
• What happens when the right atrium fills with blood?

  It contracts and pumps blood to the right ventricle
• What does the right ventricle pump blood into?

  Into the pulmonary artery
• What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

  To carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• How does blood return from the lungs to the heart?

  Via the pulmonary vein
• What happens when the left atrium fills with blood?

  It contracts and pumps blood to the left ventricle
• What does the left ventricle pump blood into?

  Into the aorta
• What is the aorta?

  The largest artery in the body
• What happens to blood in the body tissues?

  It exchanges gases and nutrients
• How does blood return to the heart after circulating?

  Via the vena cava
• What do coronary arteries supply?

  Oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• What can happen if coronary arteries get blocked?

  It can lead to coronary artery disease
• What is the structure and function of the heart?

  • The heart is a muscular pump.
  • It has four chambers:
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Atrioventricular valves ensure one-way blood flow.
• How does blood flow through the circulatory system?

  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via vena cava.
  2. Blood flows to the right ventricle.
  3. Blood is pumped to the lungs via pulmonary artery.
  4. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via pulmonary vein.
  5. Blood flows to the left ventricle.
  6. Blood is pumped to the body via aorta.
  7. Cycle repeats through vena cava.
• What are the potential consequences of blocked coronary arteries?

  • Can lead to coronary artery disease
  • Risk of heart attack
  • Reduced oxygen supply to heart muscle
• What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

  It acts as the system's pump
• What are the three types of blood vessels discussed?

  Arteries, capillaries, and veins
• What is the role of arteries in the circulatory system?

  • Carry blood away from the heart
  • Transport oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arteries)
• What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

  • Exchange nutrients and oxygen with tissues
  • Remove waste products like carbon dioxide
• What is the role of veins in the circulatory system?

  • Carry blood back to the heart
  • Transport deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)
• Why do arteries need to be strong and elastic?

  To withstand high pressures from the heart
• What type of tissue do arteries have to maintain strength?

  Thick layer of muscle tissue
• What type of tissue do arteries have to allow stretching?

  Thick layer of elastic tissue
• How does the thickness of artery walls compare to their lumen?

  Artery walls are thick compared to the lumen
• What is the function of capillaries in relation to cells?

  To exchange substances with body cells