ZOOT 1105 ANIMAL NUTRITION Intro to Nutri

• Calcium and phosphorus exist at a ratio of about :


  2:1
• Principally made of calcium and phosphorus.


  Ash fraction
• The protein and ash contents are practically constant on a _________ basis. The exception is the higher protein values for the pig and hen compared with the other species, reflecting the smaller relative size of their skeleton.


  dry-fat-free basis
• It ncreases with age but is variable, depending on the level of feed intake.

  amount of fat
• water content is lowest with what animals?

  old
• water content is highest with what animals?

  young
• The chemical composition of animals' body can be expressed on

  as-is basis, fat-free-basis, dry-fat-free basis
• The tissues are divided mainly into


  water and dry matter.
• The dry matter is divided into _______ _____ and _______ _______ or ___

  organic matter inorganic matter or ash
• The ___ _______ is divided into organic matter and inorganic matter or ash.

  dry matter
• General functions of nutrients:

  Structural material for building and maintaining body structuresSource of energy for heat production, work and or fat depositionRegulating body processes or in the formation of body produced regulators.
• ______ - established that the nutritive value of feed/food does not reside in a single "aliment" (element).•

  Antoine Lavoisier
• ___________ - is made up of carbohydrates lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, organic acids, and vitamins; an inorganic fraction is composed of minerals (macro and micro minerals).

  Organic fraction
• a French chemist; is the founder of the science of nutrition.

  Antoine Lavoisier
• He established the chemical basis of nutrition.

  Antoine Lavoisier
• is essentially a chemical process.

  Life
• The _____ or ________ of the element will cause health problem(s) specific to that particular element.

  absence or deficiency
• the /_ of the element in question cures or prevents the health problem(s) or the deficiency symptom(s

  supplementation/provision
• The _______ of ________(study of body functions) and _______ (study of the chemistry of life) have greatly aided scientists engaged in animal nutrition research in the discovery of chemical elements necessary for an animals life, particularly with respect to the specific roles and interrelationships of the essential elements.

  sciences of physiology biochemistry
• elements that are present in animals' body whose function has been demonstrated, in some species.

  Semi-essential elements
• Of the ___ chemical elements, more than __ enter into the makeup of the essential nutrients. From such elements, about __ or __ nutrients can be formed.

  118 chemical elements2050 or more nutrients
• chemical elements that are found in animals' body (tissues) with undefined biochemical functions

  Adventitious elements
• chemical elements that are found in animals' body (tissues) with defined biochemical functions.

  Essential elements
• Quantity of diet fed per day. The feed allotted to the animal for 24- hour period.


  Ration
• processes of nourishing animals; especially, series of activities by which an animal takes in and assimilates food /feed for promoting growth and replacing worn- out or injured tissues.

  Nutrition
• quantity of feed that provides an animal all of the nutrients needed in desired proportions.

  Balanced ration
• the study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression.

  Nutrigenomics
• products that are used principally for animal feeding. Such products are usually processed or prepared in such a way that it is physically and chemically suitable for animal feeding.

  Meal
• a number of individual feeds, with corresponding amount or proportion, selected to make a balanced ration or satisfy nutritional requirements of a particular animal.

  Diet
• a term which is commonly used when a group or list of feeds is being referred to.

  Feedstuff
• eals with the kind and amount of feeds, their composition of nutrients, the animal performance desired, and digestion and metabolism of nutrients.

  Nutrition
• a combination of feeds, perhaps mixed together, which are fed to livestock and poultry to meet the nutrient requirements of an animal.

  Ration
• Any material consisting of grains, fodder, or by-products of animal or plant origin which when properly used has nutritional value to animals.

  Feed
• a product intended for feeding

  Meal
• Science or study of proper or balance diet to promote health.

  Nutrition
• a broader term covering all materials in the diet.

  Feedstuff
• it involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes which transform foods/feeds into body tissues and activities, such as

  Nutrition
• In what context does the term food refers the same term to articles used for animal nutrition?

  British context
• t involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes which transform foods /feeds into body tissues and activities, such as:

  Nutrition
• Any product whether of natural or artificial in origin which when properly used has nutritional value in the diet.

  Feedstuff