psych

• The cerebrum is responsible for higher-level thinking processes such as memory, language, problem solving, and decision making.
• Fertilization, also known as conception, is the process by which sperm and ovum combine to create a single cell called zygote
• Ovulation is the rupture of a mature follicle in either ovary and the expulsion of its ovum, which occurs every month until menopause
• Dizygotic Twins, also known as Fraternal Twins, result from two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperms
• Monozygotic Twins result from the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical
• Heredity is the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a long, spiraling ladder made of pairs of chemical units called bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• Chromosomes are coils of DNA of smaller segments called genes
• Mitosis is the cell division of non-sex cells
• Meiosis is the cell division of sex cells
• Mutation is a mistake in copying genetic code which creates a permanent alteration in genetic material
• Autosomes are not affiliated with sexual expression
• Sex Chromosomes, the 23rd pair, indicate the baby’s sex (XX for female, XY for male)
• Alleles produce alternative expressions of characteristics
• Fertilization, also known as conception, is the process by which sperm and ovum combine to create a single cell called zygote
• Homozygous if two alleles are the same
• Heterozygous if two alleles are different
• Ovulation is the rupture of a mature follicle in either ovary and the expulsion of its ovum, which occurs every month until menopause
• Dominant alleles are always expressed or show up as a trait in that person
• Dizygotic Twins, also known as Fraternal Twins, result from two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperms
• Recessive alleles usually don’t show unless paired with another recessive trait
• Polygenetic Inheritance is the interaction of several genes
• Phenotype refers to observable characteristics
• Monozygotic Twins result from the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical
• Genotype is the underlying genetic makeup
• Heredity refers to the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring
• Epigenesis refers to chemical molecules attached to a gene that alter the way a cell “reads” the gene’s DNA
• Cells are susceptible to epigenetic modification during critical periods such as puberty and pregnancy
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a long, spiraling ladder made of pairs of chemical units called bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• Chromosomes are coils of DNA made of smaller segments called genes
• Mitosis is the cell division of non-sex cells, while Meiosis is the cell division of sex cells
• Mutation is a mistake in copying genetic code which creates a permanent alteration in genetic material
• Chromosomal Abnormalities:

  • Down Syndrome: Extra copy of chromosome 21, treated with surgery and SPED
  • Klinefelter Syndrome: Extra X Chromosome (XXY), treated with hormone therapy
  • Fragile X Syndrome: Abnormality in X chromosome causing ID, treated with SPED and Speech Therapy
  • Turner Syndrome: Missing X chromosome for females, treated with hormone therapy
  • XXY Syndrome: Extra Y chromosome, no treatment
• Autosomes are not affiliated with sexual expression, while Sex Chromosomes (23rd pair) indicate the baby's sex (XX for female, XY for male)
• Alleles produce alternative expressions of characteristics
• Homozygous refers to two alleles that are the same, while Heterozygous refers to two alleles that are different
• Polygenetic Inheritance refers to the interaction of several genes
• Dominant alleles are always expressed or show up as a trait in that person, while Recessive alleles usually don't show unless paired with another recessive trait
• Epigenesis refers to the environment's influence on when and which genes turn on and off
• Phenotype refers to observable characteristics, while Genotype refers to the underlying genetic makeup