DI 1

• Indications for radiography in the horse

  • Lameness localized to the region
  • Diagnostic anaesthetic nerve
  • Intra-articular anaesthesia
  • Joint effusion
  • Pain on flexion
  • Wound/injury
  • Premature foals
• Describe how to safely set up and take radiographs of the distal limb of a horse, while maximising radiation safety?

  Minimise time, maximise distance, use shielding

  PPE

  Minimal personnel

  Use imaging suites

  Collimate

  Cassette holder

  X-ray machine stand
• Patient preparation of horse radiographs

  Sedation ( alpha 2 agonist +/- opioid)

  Site preparation

  • remove debris
  • hoof: remove shoe, pack sulcus of frog
  • no iodine

  Positioning

  • blocks for foot and pastern
• What are the 3 major directional axes?

  Medial-lateral

  Cranio-caudal or Dorsal-palmar/plantar

  Proximal-distal
• Dorsopalmar view highlight which structures of the bone surfaces?

  Medial and lateral surfaces
• Lateromedial view highlight which structures of the bone surfaces?

  Dorsal and Palmar surfaces
• Dorsolateral-palmaromedial view highlight which structures of the bone surfaces?

  Dorsomedial and palmarolateral surfaces
• Dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique view highlight which structures of the bone surfaces?

  Dorsolateral and palmaromedial surfaces
• Markers are always placed where ?

  dorsally or laterally
• Describe the direction the primary xray beam penetrates the body part of interest from?


  'point of entrance to point of exit'
• How many and what views required for a horse limb?

  4 views.

  LM, DP, DLPMO, DMPLO
• List all the bones and joints seen in this photo

  A) Proximal phalanx, P1

  B) Middle Phalanx, P2

  C) Distal phalanx, P3

  
• Name the joint space between P1 and P2?

  Proximal interphalangeal joint (pastern joint)
• Name the joint space between P2, P3?

  Distal interphalangeal joint (coffin joint)
• What does iodine do on the radiograph?

  It has a radio-opaque appearance on radiographs.
• What are the 3 routine radiographic projections of the equine digit?

  Lateromedial

  Dorsopalmar

  Dorso 65 proximal-palmarodistal oblique (solar magin view)
• What is the oblique solar margin projections that assesses the lateral wing of distal phalanx?

  Dorsal 65 proximal 45 lateral - palmarodistomedial oblique
• What is the oblique solar margin projections that assesses the medial wing of distal phalanx?

  Dorsal 45 medial - palmarolateral oblique
• Navicular dorsal 65 proximal-palmarodistal oblique assess what structure?

  navicular bone
• When suspected of navicular disease, what radiograph view should be done?

  Palmar 45-55 proximal - palmarodistal oblique
• Label theses

  A) Metatarsal bone or third metacarpal

  B) Metacarpophalangeal joint

  C) p1

  
• Routine projections of the fetlock?

  Dorsopalmar

  Lateromedial

  Dorsal 45 lateral - palmaromedial oblique

  Dorsal 45 medial - palmarolateral oblique
• Which views of the fetlock are taken with 10-20 deg proximodistal angulation?

  DP, DLPMO, DMPLO
• Most pathology in front limbs are in which surfaces?

  Dorsal
• Most pathology in hind leg are in which surfaces?

  Plantar
• The lateromedial view of the fetlock highlights what?

  sagittal ridge which is most common site for OCD