Concept of Disaster, Disaster Risk and Hazard

• Philippines

  A COUNTRY PRONE TO NATURAL DISASTERS
• PACIFIC RING OF FIRE

  A large region in the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
• CIRCUM-PACIFIC BELT

  Another term for the pacific ring of fire.
• According to PHIVOLCS website, there are 24 active volcanoes all over the country.
• According to PAGASA, an average of 20 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) per year, 9 of which make landfall.
• Natural Disaster

  is a natural phenomenon caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures.
• Natural disasters can be classified as rapid onset disasters (earthquakes) and progressive onset disasters (droughts that lead to famine)
• • Man-made disasters have an element of human intent, negligence, or error involving a failure of a man-made system, as opposed to natural disasters resulting from natural hazards. 
• Examples of Man-Made Disasters:

  • crime, 
  • arson, 
  • civil disorder, 
  • terrorism, 
  • war,
  • biological/chemical threat, 
  • cyber-attacks
• Disaster is “a sudden calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property"
• Disaster is “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources”
• RISK

  a situation involving exposure to danger
• Risk

  is an ongoing or upcoming concern that has a significant probability of adversely affecting the success of major milestones
• Risk

  is the likelihood of variation in the occurrence of an event, which may have either positive or negative consequences.
• Characteristics of Risk

  • Uncertainty
  • Loss
• Uncertainty

  Is an event may or may not happen. 
• Loss

  is an event has unwanted consequences or losses
• Risk

  is defined as “the combination of probability of an event and its negative consequences.”
• Risk

  is usually associated with the degree to which human cannot cope (lack of capacity) with a situation (e.g. natural hazard)
• Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community.
• “ DISASTER RISK” can be determined by the presence of four variables:

  1. HAZARDS (natural or man-made/anthropogenic)
  2. EXPOSURE to a hazard
  3. VULNERABILITY to a hazard
  4. COPING CAPACITY linked to the reduction, mitigation, and resilience of a community
• Hazards are events that have the potential to cause harm to people, property, environment, economy, etc.
• Coping Capacity is the ability of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, countries, and other stakeholders to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and adapt to disasters.
• COPING CAPACITY

  is linked to the reduction, mitigation, and resilience of a community