parts of volcano

• Magma: when rocks become hot
• Magma chamber: large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the earth's crust
• Vent: opening through which an eruption takes place
• Lava: magma that erupts, rock or magma expelled from a volcano during an eruption
• Lava flow: molten rocks that ooze the earth's crust after a volcanic eruption
• Volcanic bombs:

  • Molten rocks thrown out from a volcano
  • Chunks of lava blasted into thin air that solidify before reaching the surface
• Lava dome:

  • Thick and sticky, it piles up and creates a dome
  • Circular mounds from a volcano because of the slow release of viscous lava
• Eruption column: clouds of heated ash or tephra released from a vent during an explosive volcanic eruption
• Eruption cloud: ash falls back down like powdery snow, cloud of tephra that forms downwind of an erupting volcano
• Tephra: magma blasts up into thin air and breaks apart into tiny pieces
• Acid rain: when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide react with water molecules in the air
• Fumaroles: holes, cracks, fissures on the surface near the volcanoes, they emit steam and volcanic gases
• Crack: openings stemming down in the pool of magma
• Pyroclastic flow:

  • Fast moving volcanic matter and hot gas, move away from the volcano and incorporate tephra
  • Fast moving currents of hot gas and rock travelling downhill from a volcano
• Lahar: mudflow, hot volcanic materials and water, steam, ice, snow mix, flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water
• Cone: striking part of volcano, composed of a mixture of lava and pyroclastic material
• Crater: basin-like depression over a vent at the summit of the cone
• Caldera: volcanic depression larger than a crater
• Dikes: barriers or obstacles in a volcano
• Sills: intrusive sheets, solidified lava that forces their way out between and parallel to older layers of rocks
• Conduit: channel or pipes conveying liquid materials like magma
• Flank: side of a volcano
• Summit: highest point of a volcano or apex
• Throat: entrance of a volcano
• Ash cloud: emitted into the atmosphere, composed of pulverized rock and glass created during the eruption
• Tephra fall: fragmented materials consist of pumice, scoria, lithic materials, and crystals