Biology 2

• Genetic Engineering: chaging of the DNA in living organisms to create something new
• Genetically Modified Organism: product of genetic engineering
• Transgenic organism: term used to refer to genetically modified organisms
• Artificial selection: breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring with desired traits
• Selective breeding: when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produced offspring with those desired traits
• Selective breeding: passing of important genes into next generation
• Hybridization: when two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms
• Inbreeding: breeding of organism that is genetically similar to maintain desired traits
• Variation: difference between individuals of a species
• Cloning: creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another
• clone: group of cells or organisms that are genetically identical as a result of asexual reproduction
• dolly: first mammal that was cloned
• Eggs are haploid
• body cells are diploid
• gene splicing: DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism
• Plasmid: circular DNA in a bacteria cell that is very simply to manipulate
• Restriction enzyme: enzyme that cuts the DNA at a specific code
• Transformation: when a gene from one organism is transferred to different organisms
• trans: means different
• genic: refers to genes
• biotechnology: technology of life
• Transgenic animals: genes inserted into animals so they produce what humans need
• Transgenic cows: gene inserted to increase milk production
• spider goat: gene from spirder inserted into a goat
• Transgenic bacteria: gene inserted into bacteria so they produce things humans need
• Transgenic plants: plants are given genes so they meet human needs
• transgenic corn: given a gene so corn produces a natural pesticide
• venomous cabbage: gene from scorpion tails inserted into cabbage
• banana vaccines: virus injected into a banana, the virus DNA Becomes part of the plant
• Genetic engineering: artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA