Music of India, Pakistan, and Israel

• India is the largest country in South Asia
• Vocal Music of India: Carnatic and Hindustani
• Vocal Music of India uses melismatic singing with nasal vocal quality
• Samaga- singing based on a set of pitches popular during the Vedic times
• Sama Veda- a sacred text, were sung as Samagana and not chanted
• Sama Veda- the third of the four Vedas of Hinduism
• Rig Veda- first among the four canonical sacred texts of Hinduism known as vedas
• Rig Veda- ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns
• Four sacred text of Hinduism: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda
• Carnatic Music- music from south india
• Carnatic Music- temple music
• Krti- are devotional songs
• Hindustani Music- goes back to Vedic period times around 1000 BC
• Hindustani Music- developed in the 13th and 14th century AD
• Hindustani Music- found in the northern and central regions
• Hindustani Music- influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions
• Nasal singing is observed in Hindustani Vocal Music
• Khyal- most common style of singing in north india, also means "imagination"
• Hindustani Sangeet- used in north indian music
• Carnatic Sangeet- used in south indian music
• Ghan- non-membranous percussive instrument
• Ghan- one of the oldest classes of instrument in india
• 4 examples of Ghan: Ghatam, Kartal, Manjira, Nout
• Avanaddh- membranous percussive instrument
• Avanadd- drums
• 3 examples of Avanaddh: daf, tabla, dhol
• Sushir- blown air
• Sushir- uses air to excite various resonators
• 4 examples of sushir: bansuri, shehnai, shankh, surpeti
• Tat- referred to as vina during the old civilization
• Tat- plucked
• 5 examples of tat: sitar, gottuvadyam, rabab, ektar, gopichand
• Vitat- bowed stringed
• 4 examples of vitat: banam, esraj, chikara, sarangi
• Pakistan- known for its unique vocals
• Influences of distinctive pakistani sound: various parts of south asia, central asia, persia, turkey, arab world
• Ghazal- traditional expression of love, separation, and loneliness
• Qawwali- devotional music of the chishti order
• Quawwali- usually performed mainly at sufi shrines
• Punjabi music- strengthens the importance of musical instruments in pakistan