eukaryotic microbes

• algae


  photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms
• Algae 


  produce energy by photosynthesis and some may use organic nutrients.
• cytoplasm, a cell wall, a cell membrane, a nucleus, plastids, ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi bodies, pellicle, a stigma, and/or flagella.

  Algae cell consists of
• source of food, iodine, fertilizers, emulsifiers, and stabilizers and gelling agents for jams and culture media

  Significance of algae
• cellulose


  component of most algal cell walls
• green, golden, brown, or red algae.

  photosynthetic pigments of algae
• Algae


  include diatoms, dinoflagellates, desmids, Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Euglena
• Prototheca


  a genus of algae that is a very rare cause of human infections
• protothecosis


  disease caused by protheca
• phycotoxins


  toxic substances secreted by algae in several other genera
• Phycotoxins 


  poisonous to humans, fish, and other animals.
• paralytic shellfish poisoning


  disease from ingestion of phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates that cause “red tides”
• Protozoa


  nonphotosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms
• protozoa 


  most of these are unicellular, free-living, and found in soil and water
• Protozoal cells


  more animal-like than plant-like
• pellicle


  a thickened cell membrane which serves for protection
• trophozoite and cyst 


  typical protozoan life cycle stages
• trophozoite 


  the motile, feeding, dividing stage
• cyst


  the nonmotile, dormant, survival stage.
• malaria, giardiasis, and trypanosomiasis


  examples of diseases caused by parasitic protozoa
• Amebae


  move by means of pseudopodia
• Ciliates


  move by means of hairlike cilia
• Flagellates

  move by means of whiplike flagella
• Sporozoa


  have no visible means of locomotion
• Entamoeba histolytica


  cause of amebic dysentery
• Balantidium coli


  the cause of balantidiasis
• Giardia intestinalis


  the cause of giardiasis
• Plasmodium spp.


  the cause of malaria.
• mycology


  The study of fungi
• mycologists

  scientists who study fungi
• Fungi


  represent a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, moulds, microsporidia, and fleshy fungi
• Fungi


  garbage disposers of nature
• chitin


  Thepolysaccharide in fungal cell walls
• hyphae


  filaments
• mycelium


  mass of intertwined filaments called hyphae
• Septate hyphae 


  the hyphae are divided into cells by cross walls or septa
• aseptate hyphae 


  the hyphae do not contain septa
• sexual spores and asexual spores


  two general categories of spores
• Fungal spores 


  are very resistant structures
• Zygomycotina, Chytridio mycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, Microsporidia, and Deuteromycotina


  The six phyla of fungi