Genchem

• The structure of matter relates to the ways the _____ of these elements are arranged


  atoms
• A _____ is any characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity.

  property
• A _____ is an entity composed of two or more atoms with the atoms attached to another in a specific way.

  molecule
• have no fixed shape or volume and can be compressed to form liquids

  gas
• have no shape, but they do have a volume.

  liquid
• are rigid and have a definite shape and volume. 

  solid
• Matter exists in three physical states, gas, liquid, and solid, which are known as the


  states of matter
• There are two kinds of pure substances

  elements and compounds
• are composed of two or more elements joined chemically

  Compounds
• states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same.

  law of constant composition / law of definite proportions
• have variable compositions and can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous

  mixtures
• homogeneous mixtures are called

  solutions
• matter does not change its composition

  physical change
• are physical changes.

  Changes of state
• a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance.


  chemical change
• are independent of the amount of matter examined and are used to identify substances.

  Intensive properties
• relate to the amount of substance present. Differences in physical and chemical properties are used to separate substances

  Extensive properties
• is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

  heterogeneous mixture
• are mixtures containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed.

  Suspensions
• are heterogeneous mixtures of intermediate sized particles (between 1nm and 1000 nm) and do not settle out.

  Colloids
• The most abundant substance in a mixture

  dispersion medium
• are categorized according to the phases of their particles

  Colloids
• is the jerky, random movements of particles in a liquid colloid, from the results of particle collisions.

  Brownian motion
• is when dispersed colloid particles scatter light.


  Tyndall effect
• are homogeneous mixtures that contain two or more substances called the solute and solvent.

  Solutions
• A substance that dissolves in a solvent

  soluble
• Two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion are

  miscible
• A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent

  insoluble
• Two liquids that can be mixed but separate shortly after

  immiscible
• uses differences in the boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous

  mixture into its components.

  . Distillation
• solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions.

  filtration
• technique separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent.

  Chromatography
• is a traditional way of separating the palay seeds from the hay by utilizing the wind or blowing air.


  Winnowing
• is a process of separating components of mixture of metallic and nonmetallic substance by using a magnet.

  Magnetism
• is a physical water treatment using gravity to separate the suspended solids from the liquid portion.

  Sedimentation
• is a method of separating components of mixtures by removing a layer of liquid, generally one from the settled solid particles. The purpose is to produce a clean decant (liquid portion), or to remove undesired liquid from the precipitate (or other layers).

  Decantation
• one of the easiest way to make a turbid solution clean is by this process. It describes the chemical process of contact and adhesion where the dispersed particles form larger cluster allowing the easy separation from water.

  Flocculation
• using a coagulating agent to remove the impurities of an unclean or unclear solution. It allows the removal of suspended and colloidal particles which is the first stage in solid-liquid separation.

  Coagulation
• used to separate soluble solids from liquids utilizing heat, i.e. in salt solution salt, can be separated from water by evaporation.

  evaporation
• The composition of matter relates to the kinds of _____ it contains

  elements