Psychopathology

• what is a limitaion of CBT?


  doesnt work in all case
• what is a strength of CBT?

  Effective
• what are the 3 steps of CBT?

  Identification

  Patients Homework

  Behavioural activation of +thoughts
• what is a treatment for depression?


  CBT
• what is a limitaion of the explanation of depression?


  only partial explanations
• what is a strength of the explaination of depression?

  practical applications
• what are the 3 points in the becks Traid?


  - views on the world

  - views on the future

  - views on oneself
• what are the three stages of ellis ABC model?

  Activating agent

  irrational Belief

  Consequences
• what two models can explain depression?

  ellis ABC

  becks Triad
• how can depression be explained?


  through faulty and irrational thinking
• What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?

  slower though process

  attending to and dwelling on negatives

  absolutist thinking
• What are the emotional characteristics of depression?

  lowered mood

  anger

  low self esteem

  anhedonia (no longer enjoy activities)
• What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?

  activity levels

  disruption to sleep

  aggression + self harm
• what is a limitation of OCD treatment?

  people can become tolerant to drugs after a while
• What is a strength of OCD treatment?

  drugs require a little effort from patient
• what do BZ's do?

  enhances GABA (stops other brain chemicals from exciting the neuron)
• what do SSRI's do?

  prevent the seritonin from being reuptaken
• What are the two drugs to treat OCD?

  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

  Benzodiazepines
• what part of the brain is OCD associated with?


  orbital prefrontal cortex
• what hormone can cause OCD?


  seritonin
• what gene has OCD been associated with?

  hSERT as it causes too much reuptake of seritionin (cause and effect?)
• what are the 2 ways to explain OCD?

  Genetics

  Neural
• What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

  obsessions

  catastrophic thoughts

  hyper vigilant
• What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?

  anxiety + distress

  depression

  guilt + disgust
• What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?

  repetitive compulsions

  compulsions reduce anxiety

  aviodence
• what is OCD?


  person has frequent intrusive obsessive thoughts and compulsions
• what is a limitation of flooding?

  high drop out rate
• what is a strength of flooding?

  cheap + fast
• what is flooding?


  where the patient is directly exposed to their phobia to learn to not be afraid of it (extinction)
• what is a strength of systematic desensitation?

  patients may find it relaxing
• what is the final stage of systematic desensitation?

  exposure (to each step in the anxiety hierarachy)
• what is learnt during systematic desensitation?

  relaxation techniques
• what is created during systematic desensitation?

  anxiety hierarachy
• what are the two treatments for phobias?

  systematic desensitisation

  flooding
• How is a phobia maintained?

  through operant conditioning (avoidence (-reinforcement))
• How is a phobia first learnt?

  through classical conditioning
• what is the model to explain phobias?

  Two-way process model
• what are cognitive characteristics of phobias?

  selective attention

  irrational beliefs

  cognitive distortions
• what are emotional characteristics of phobias?

  anxiety

  feeling of dread

  unreasonable emotional response
• what are behavioural characteristics of phobias?

  Panic

  Endurance

  Aviodance