Psychology

• What are strengths of Matched Pairs?

  No order effects

  Controls individual differences
• What are limititations of Repeated Measures?


  Order effects

  Boredom effects

  Demand characteristics
• What are limitations of Independent Groups?

  Individual differences

  More people required
• What are limitations of Matched Pairs?

  Time consuming

  DIfficult to match exactly

  Requires more participants
• How do we Counter Balence?


  Half participants do C1 and other C2. Participants dont talk to each other and then complete the other condition.
• What are Order effects?

  The order conditions are completed can influence outcomes eg. practice
• What are Boredom effects?


  Participants may give up and do worse in later activities
• What are damand characteristics?


  Participants may change the way they act due to them trying to guess the aim
• What is Operational definition?

  Clearly describing the IV and DV variable on how they will be manipulated and measured.
• Why do we operationalise?

  Makes the experiment more replicable
• What are co-variables?


  Variables no controlled by the researcher investigated in a correlation
• What is a Likert Scale?


  Tool to measure opinions, behaviours and attitudes
• What are confounding Variables?

  Variables that influence the DV happens more in one condition than another
• What are extraneous variables?


  Variables that if are not controlled will effect the DV
• What are control variables?


  Things you keep the same
• What are participant variables?


  Individual difference between the participants
• What are situational variables?


  Factors in the environment that can influence behaviours
• What is Standardisation?


  Keeping everything but the IV the same
• What are investigator effects?

  Researchers behaviours may impact results
• How can we limit investigator effects?


  Training

  Double blind
• What is Social desirablity bias?


  Participants change how they respond to seem socially acceptable
• What experimental designs have random allocation?


  Matched pairs and independant measures
• What is an observation?

  Participants are watched and what they do or say is recorded.
• What do observations never have?

  IV or DV
• What is a Naturalistic observation?

  Observation is in a natural environment
• What is a Controlled observation?


  Environment is controlled by the researcher
• What is a structured observation?


  Observation using bahavioural catagories or event / time sampling
• What is an unstructured observation?


  Observer records everything they see
• What is a participant observation?


  Observer joins in the activity
• What is a non participant observation?


  Observer does not join in the activity
• What is a Overt observation?


  Participants are aware they are being observed
• What is a Covert observation?


  Participants are unaware they are being observed
• What are behavioural categories?


  Divide target behaviour into subset behaviours which are operationalised
• What is time sampling?

  Record what happens during set time intervals
• What is event sampling?


  Record when the observer see it
• How can we improve observation reliablity?

  Training

  Have multiple observers

  Agree on catagories
• What are self report techniques?


  Methods of collecting data where participants report their own data
• What are two self report techniques?

  Questionaires

  Interviews
• What is a Questionnaire?

  Set of predetermined questions that participants answer
• What is a closed question?


  Participants choose their answer from a set of options