S2 Brisco Unit 4 Quiz 1

• Allele: A pair of genes that make up a phenotype
• Alleles, genes, and DNA are all found in chromosomes
• 2 Alleles make a gene
• Gene: Made up of DNA, the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
• Genetics: the study of heredity
• Heredity: The passing of traits/genes
• Prodactylism: extra fingers or toes
• Prodactylism is common in cats and Amish people
• Prodactylism is common against specific groups where the gene pool may not have variation (incest)
• Homozygous = PP or pp
• Heterozygous = Pp
• Capital letters = dominant
• Lower case letters = recessive
• Genotype = Letters
• Phenotype = Physical traits or behaviors
• Smallest to biggest: DNA, Gene, Allele, chromosome, nucleus, cell
• Gregor Mendel: was a botanist and the father of genetics
• Gregor Mendel discovered how genetics were inherited
• Studied heredity/genetics by planting tall vs short plants
• He was successful because he repeated his experiments, took thorough notes, and chose a simple organism to study
• 5 common traits in humans are: freckles, PTC, detached earlobes, tongue rolling, left/right handedness.