Working of Institutions

• An assembly of elected representatives that exercises supreme political authority on behalf of the people is called the PARLIAMENT.
• Parliament at the state level is called the LEGISLATURE or Legislative Assembly.
• Parliament is the final authority of making laws of the country. It can make new laws, change existing laws or abolish existing laws and make new laws.
• Parliament has the direct and full control on those who run the government.
• Parliament has all control of the government’s money. Public money cannot be spent unless the Parliament sanctions it.
• Parliament acts as the highest forum of the discussions and debates on public issues and national policy. It can seek information on all matters.
• Parliament is divided into two Chambers/Houses- Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
• Council of states is called the Rajya Sabha. House of the People is called the Lok Sabha.
• Lok sabha consists of 530 members out of which 272 are directly elected from single member constituencies and remaining 142 seats reserved for SCs and STs.
• Members are elected by people through general elections held every five years.
• Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people, while Rajya Sabha is indirectly elected by the people.
• Lok Sabha exercises real powers whereas Rajya Sabha performs some special functions.
• All made made by Houses come into force only after they receive the assent of the President.
• If both houses pass the same bill again then it becomes law without the president's signature.
• If there is a difference in both houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session . Due to larger number of member, Lok Sabha is most likely to Prevail.
• Once Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any money Matter, it can’t be rejected by the Rajya Sabha though they might delay it by 14 days or suggest changes.
• Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. Only a person who enjoys support of major Of its members gets elected as the Prime Minister.
• If the Lok Sabha says they have “ no confidence “ in the Council of Ministers, all ministers including the prime minister have to quit. Rajya Sabha doesn’t have this power.
• Prime Minister chairs the Cabinet meetings.
• The Prime Minister’s decisions are final in case disagreements arise between Departments.
• The Prime Minister acts as a link between the President and The Council of Ministers.
• When the Prime Minister quits the entire ministry quits.
• The Prime Minister distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
• The Cabinet is the most powerful institution in India, within the Cabinet the Prime Minister is the most Powerful.
• The Prime Minister of a Coalition government, cannot take decisions as he likes. Different groups and factions in his party as well as among alliance partners have to be accommodated.
• A COALITION GOVERNMENT is a government made up of two or more political parties