Digestive enzymes

• What happens to large food molecules in the digestive system?

  They are digested into smaller molecules
• What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

  They speed them up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The groove where the substrate attaches
• What is a substrate in the context of enzymes?

  The molecule that the enzyme breaks down
• How does the lock and key theory relate to enzymes?

  Substrates must fit perfectly into the active site
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What are proteins made of?

  Amino acids
• What happens to proteins during digestion?

  They are converted back to amino acids
• What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

  Carbohydrases
• What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol and three fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What products result from lipid digestion?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipid droplets
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the surface area of lipid droplets
• What is the pH nature of bile and its effect?

  Bile is alkaline and neutralizes stomach acids
• What are the main enzymes involved in digestion and their functions?

  • Proteases: break down proteins into amino acids
  • Amylase: breaks down starch into simple sugars
  • Lipase: digests lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• What is the process of lipid digestion involving bile?

  1. Bile emulsifies large lipid droplets
  2. Increases surface area for lipase action
  3. Lipase breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
  4. Bile neutralizes stomach acids for optimal conditions