tissues

• Epithelial tissue covers the surfaces of the body, including the skin and the lining of the digestive tract.
• Xylem and phloem and complex permanent tissues and are conducting tissues and vascular bundles.
• Parenchyma: The tissue that makes up the bulk of the plant.

  Collenchyma: provides flexibility in plants

  Sclerenchyma: is the protective layer of the plant, present outside of it.
• Xylem consists of tracheid, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres.

  Phloem consists of sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.
• cutin is a thick waxy waterproof coating in desert plants.

  lignin is also a waxy waterproof coating present in plants which survive in water.
• differentiation is when meristematic tissues turn into permanent tissue and taking up a shape and size which is permanent.
• stomata is enclosed by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells and are necessary for exchanging gases with the atmosphere. transpiration also takes place via stomata.
• apical meristem: helps in growth of the plant (height wise)

  intercalary meristem: you can tell how old the tree is by counting their rings

  lateral meristem: is responsible for the girth of the tree
• features of meristematic tissues are that they are very active, have a dense cytoplasm, thin cellulose walls and prominent nuclei. The also lack vacuoles
• cluster of cells specialising in one function is known as tissue
• supportive tissues generally have dead cells since they need to withstand harsh conditions
• tracheid has lignin on its outer wall and pits between them
• cork cambium produces cork cells which form the periderm layer. this layer provides protection to the plant against abrasion and mechanical damage. it also acts as an insulator preventing heat loss during winter.
• xylem conduct water from roots to leaves while phloem carries food made in the leaf downwards
• skin is the biggest organ in our body
• blood and muscles are examples of tissues found in our body
• epithelial tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands
• simple cuboidal epithelium is cube-shaped
• stratified squamous epithelium consists of several layers of flat cells
• connective tissue binds organs together and supports other tissues
• cartilage is made up of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix that contains collagen fibers
• muscle tissue contracts to produce movement or maintain posture
• bone is hard connective tissue composed of osteocytes surrounded by mineralized extracellular material called bone matrix
• nervous tissue sends messages around the body
• skeletal muscle is attached to bones and controlled consciously
• skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons
• simple squamous epithelium has one layer of flat cells
• cardiac muscle makes up heart walls and pumps blood throughout the body
• epithelial tissues are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet.
• Bone is a connective tissue which form the framework that supports the body, it also anchors the muscles and supports the main organs of the body.
• Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds.
• two bones can be connected to each other by another type of connective tissue is called the ligament, which is very elastic. It contains very less matrix.
• tendons connect muscle to bone and are made of collagen fibres, they are fibrous tissue with great strength but limited flexibility.
• Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is found in the nose, trachea, and larynx. It is composed of proteins and sugars.
• areolar connective tissue is found between the skin and muscles around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow
• adipose tissue is found below the skin and between internal organ, the cells of this tissues are filled with fat globules.
• striated muscles

  • Cells are cylindrical
  • Cells are not branched
  • Cells are multinucleate
  • Alternate light and dark bands are present
  • Its ends are blunt
• unstriated muscles:

  • Cells are long
  • Cells are not branched
  • Cells are uninucleate
  • There are no bands present
  • Its ends are tapering
• cardiac muscles:

  • Cells are cylindrical
  • Cells are branched
  • Cells are uninucleate
  • Faint bands are present
  • Its ends are flat and wavy
• striated muscles are present in body parts such as hands, legs, tongue, etc.