cold war crisis

• When was the Berlin Wall Built and what was the aim?

  • August 1961 which was a way of preventing East Germans to going to the West
  • the wall was made up of barbed wire and then was replaced with concrete
  • any Germans trying to leave were shot
• What was the Cuban Missile Crisis

  • was when the USA discovered the USSR had missiles sites in Cuba
  • the USSR brought the missiles to the Cuba because the USA had missiles which were close to the soviets
  • so in September 1962 soviets ships carried nuclear weapons into Cuba
• How did the Berlin wall effect relations between the USA and the USSR?

  • it made war less likely
  • it was propaganda for the West as it showed that East Germany preferred living in the West Germany
• What is the timeline of the Cuban Missile crisis?

  • 16th Oct- US spy planes found the site of the missiles in Cuba
  • then Kennedy orders a Blockage to stop missiles from entering and USSR say that they will ignore it
  • USSR and the USA prepare for the attack
  • 26 oct- Kruschev says he will remove the missiles if they promise not to invade
  • then sends a second message asking kennedy to remove the missiles from turkey
  • kennedy publicly agrees to the first one and secretly accepts the second one
• What was the consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  • led to a period of detente to improve relations between US and USSR
  • so a hotline between USSR and the USA to improve communication
  • Limited Test Ban treaty-banning of nuclear weapons in sea, space and on the ground only underground was accepted
• What are the consequences of the Cuban missile crisis?

  • kennedy made a speech about working with the USSR to find common interests
  • outer space Treaty- so limited nuclear weapon is space
  • also stopped giving out nuclear weapons to other countries
• What was SALT?

  • In 1972 it is the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
  • it was agreed on that they would limit the number of nuclear weapons which they had
  • no production of ballistic missiles were only 100
  • submarines could only be produced if missiles run out
• How did SALT help improve relations between US and USSR

  • it helped slow down the arm race
  • made sure that each side did not have an advantage in nuclear weapons
• What was the Helinski agreement?

  • 1975 and it included 35 countries with the aims of improving the East and the West
  • it included the West acknowledging the soviet territory they had gained from the second world war
  • also agreements about human rights and freedom of speech
  • the countries would help each other out economically
• What was salt 2?

  • it was between 1972-1979
  • the aim was the limit the manufacture of nuclear weapons
  • it was signed by carter and Brezchnev
  • however after this the ussr invaded Afghanistan
• What happened in Afghanistan

  • In December 1979 the USSR invaded because the communist government had been overthrown
  • which was led Amin
  • so Brezhnev used the Brezhnev doctrine to order an invasion
  • Amin was killed and a pro soviet government was put back in place
• What was the consequences of the Afghanistan consequence?

  • a group called the Mujahedeen was created and were given weapons by China and the USSR
  • they used greullia warfare like hit and run tatics
• What was the Carter Doctrine

  • it was made in response to the invasion and was created in 1780
  • and the aim was that the USA policy of containment would include the middle East
  • they were prepared to use force to stop it from spreading to Gulf states
• What happened in the Olympics Boycott?

  • in 1980 USA and 65 other countries boycotted the Moscow Olympics
  • as a protest for the invasion of Afghanistan
  • so in 1984 it was then held in LA
  • and the ussr bycotted that