Respiratory System Anatomy

• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Gas exchange
• What happens during inhalation in the respiratory system?

  Oxygen is taken into the lungs
• What occurs during exhalation?

  Carbon dioxide is released into the air
• Why is gas exchange important for cells?

  It provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
• What are the two main parts of the respiratory system?

  Lungs and airways
• What is the function of the lungs?

  Gas exchange
• What are the components of the airways?

  Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
• What are the functions of the conducting portions of the respiratory system?

  • Transport air to and from the lungs
  • Clean, warm, and moisten the air
• What are the functions of the respiratory portions of the respiratory system?

  • Facilitate gas exchange
  • Include lung tissue (alveoli)
• What are the three regions of the nasal cavity?

  Vestibule, respiratory region, olfactory region
• What is the function of the vestibule in the nasal cavity?

  Filters large particles from the air
• What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
• What is the primary function of the respiratory epithelium?

  Clean, warm, and moisten the air
• What types of cells are found in the respiratory epithelium?

  Ciliated columnar, goblet, brush, basal, small granule cells
• What is the role of olfactory cells in the olfactory region?

  Detect odors
• What type of epithelium lines the olfactory region?

  Olfactory epithelium
• What is the function of the nasopharynx's respiratory epithelium?

  Filters and moistens air
• What are the two main functions of the larynx?

  Breathing and speaking
• What is the role of the epiglottis?

  Covers the larynx during swallowing
• What are the three layers of the trachea?

  Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
• What is the function of the mucosa layer in the trachea?

  Lines and protects the trachea
• What is contained in the submucosa of the trachea?

  Cartilage and muscle
• What is the function of the adventitia layer of the trachea?

  Connects trachea to surrounding tissues
• What types of cells are found in the respiratory epithelium of the trachea?

  Goblet, ciliated columnar, basal, brush, serous, DNES cells
• What is the role of Clara cells in the bronchioles?

  Secrete protective proteins and detoxify
• What are the two main types of bronchi?

  Primary and secondary bronchi
• What is the function of the bronchial system?

  Distributes air to the lungs
• What are the two types of bronchioles?

  Larger and smaller bronchioles
• What is the function of terminal bronchioles?

  Mark the end of the conducting portion
• What is the role of alveolar ducts and sacs?

  Connect alveoli and facilitate gas exchange
• What are the two types of pneumocytes in the alveoli?

  Type I and Type II pneumocytes
• What is the function of Type I pneumocytes?

  Gas exchange
• What is the role of Type II pneumocytes?

  Produce surfactant to reduce surface tension
• What is the significance of alveolar pores?

  Distribute gas exchange evenly across alveoli
• How do alveolar pores help in cases of collapsed alveoli?

  Allow air flow from healthy to collapsed alveoli
• What are the key functions of alveolar pores?

  • Distribute gas exchange evenly
  • Equalize pressure between alveoli
  • Inflate collapsed alveoli