Anatomy Lecture 4

• The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemicals that impact bodily functions
• The Pituitary gland contains growth hormone
• The adrenal gland contains glucocorticoids
• The Thyroid Gland contains Thyroid Hormones
• The Pancreas contains Insulin
• The Parathyroid gland contains Parathormone
• The testes contain testosterone
• Ovaries contain estrogen.
• The hypothalamus connects the nervous system to the endocrine system via the Pituitary gland
• The Pituitary gland is seen as the master regulator of the Endocrine System
• The Posterior Pituitary Gland may be related to two hormones which are Antidiuretic Hormone as well as Oxytocin
• Oxytocin has 3 roles which are uterine contraction, the production of breast milk as well as relationship building
• The Anterior Pituitary gland may be associated with six hormones
• The 6 Anterior Pituitary gland hormones are Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Adrenocorticoid Hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin and Growth Hormone (FLATPEG)
• Too much growth hormone is related to Gigantism as well as Acromegaly, the difference is Acromegaly is seen later in life
• Too Little Growth Hormone is related to Dwarfism
• Cortisol is a stress hormone which is important in relation for metabolism
• Too Little Cortisol leads to impaired glucose metabolism
• Too Much Cortisol is related to an enhanced breakdown of muscle, bone and other tissues
• The Thyroid gland secretes hormones that have effects on metabolism, body temperature, cardiac output, mental alertness as well as body weight.
• Calcitonin is produced in the Thyroid and plays a role in storing calcium
• Parathyroid hormone helps increase calcium in bloodstream
• Calcitonin stores calcium in the bones
• Too Much parathyroid hormone leads to osteoporosis
• normal blood glucose levels are related to the values of 80-90 mg/dl
• Alpha Cells produce Glucagon
• Beta cells produce insulin
• Glucagon is released when blood glucose is too low, increasing blood glucose levels
• Insulin is released when blood glucose is too high and increased the blood glucose storage
• Type 1 diabetes is related to a low insulin production and is developed when a juvenile
• Follicle Stimulating hormone is related to the development of the corpus luteum
• Luteinizing Hormone stimulates ovulation.
• Progesterone promotes secretion of the endometrium lining